اثر سطوح کود نیتروژن بر صفات کمی و کیفی ارقام سورگوم علوفه ای در چین های برداشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 عضو هیئت علمی، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج، ایران

چکیده

     به­منظور بررسی تأثیر کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و کیفیت سه رقم سورگوم علوفه­ای طی دو چین برداشت، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل- کرت­های خردشده­ در زمان در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1389 در شهرستان رشت اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد مطالعه شامل سه رقم اسپیدفید، پگاه و KFS2 و چهار سطح کود نیتروژن (صفر، 50، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص از منبع اوره) بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان دهنده تاثیر معنی­دار برهمکنش رقم × چین بر عملکرد علوفه و صفات کیفی بود، به­طوری که بیشترین عملکرد از چین اول در رقم KFS2 به­دست آمد. عملکرد علوفه­، درصد پروتئین، درصد خاکستر و درصد ADF تحت تأثیر برهمکنش نیتروژن × چین قرار گرفت، به­طوری که بیشترین عملکرد از چین اول با به­کارگیری 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار حاصل شد. اثر سه­ جانبه نیتروژن × رقم × چین نیز بر عملکرد علوفه ­خشک، درصد پروتئین، درصد ماده خشک و درصد ADF معنی­دار شد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین این اثر متقابل نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد علوفه در رقم اسپیدفید با به­کارگیری 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در چین اول تولید شد. به­علاوه، بیشترین درصد ماده­خشک، پروتئین و ADF کمتر در رقم پگاه در چین اول به­دست آمد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که جهت دستیابی به عملکرد علوفه بیشتر در شرایط اقلیمی رشت، رقم KFS2 با سطح کودی 50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار یا رقم اسپیدفید با سطح کودی 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار پیشنهاد می­شود، اما اگر هدف کیفیت علوفه باشد، رقم پگاه با سطح کودی 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار برای این شرایط اقلیمی مناسب­تر خواهد بود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative traits of forage sorghum genotypes at different harvesting times

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gilva Ahmadi Motlagh 1
  • Majid Majidian 2
  • Gholamreza Mohsenabadi 2
  • Aziz Fuman 3
  • Ali Aalami 2
1 Former M. Sc. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Scientific Board Member, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

To investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and quality of three forage sorghum cultivars under Guilan climatic conditions, a field trial was carried out as factorial-spilt plot on time based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht, Iran, during 2010-11 cropping season. The studied factors were three sorghum cultivars (Pegah, Speedfeed, KSF2) and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1). The results of analysis of variance showed the significant effect of cultivar × harvesting time on forage yield and qualititative traits, so that KFS2 cultivar at first harvest produced maximum forage yield. The interaction effect of nitrogen × harvesting time was significant on forage yield and protein, ash and ADF percentage and the highest forage yield was obtained with 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen at first harvesting time. Also, dry forage yield, protein percentage, digestible dry matter percentage and ADF were significantly affected by the cultivar × nitrogen × harvesting time interaction effect. The mean comparisons indicated that the highest forage yield was obtained by Speedfeed cultivar with 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen at first harvesting time. Also, maximum digestible dry matter and protein percentage as well as minimum ADF was obtained from Pegah cultivar at first harvesting time. The results of this research showed that KFS2 cultivar with 50 kg.ha-1 nitrogen or Speedfeed cultivar with 100 kg.ha-1 nitrogen are suitable to achieve higher forage yield in Rasht climatic conditions, but for better forage quality, Pegah cultivar with 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ADF
  • Ash percentage
  • Forage yield
  • protein
  • Dry matter
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