بررسی کارایی مصرف انرژی ارقام مختلف برنج دانه بلند در استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش تحلیل میزان مصرف نهاده­ها، تولید ستانده­ و بررسی کارایی فنی در اراضی شالی‌کاری استان گلستان با استفاده از روش تحلیل پوششی داده­ها است. اطلاعات لازم از طریق پرسش‌نامه و مصاحبه حضوری با 173 شالی­کار گلستانی به روش نمونه‌برداری تصادفی ساده در سال 1392 جمع‌آوری شد. نهاده‌های مورد بررسی شامل نیروی کارگری، ماشین­ها، سوخت دیزل، بذر، سموم شیمیایی، کودهای شیمیایی، کود آلی و الکتریسیته بودند. نتایج نشان داد که مجموع مصرف انرژی در مزارع برای تولید شلتوک برنج 1/99060 مگاژول بر هکتار بود، به­طوری­که میانگین کل انرژی ورودی به مزارع شالی برای تولید برنج دانه­بلند پرمحصول 1/108392 مگاژول بر هکتار و در تولید برنج دانه­بلند مرغوب 3/89835 مگاژول بر هکتار برآورد شد. نهاده سوخت دیزل با 7/38 درصد از کل انرژی ورودی به مزارع شالی به­عنوان پرمصرف‌ترین نهاده انرژی در تولید شلتوک برنج بود. پس از سوخت دیزل، بیش‌ترین سهم از کل انرژی ورودی در تولید شلتوک برنج مربوط به نهاده­های الکتریسیته و ماشین­ها به­ترتیب با 3/29 و 2/19 درصد بودند. میانگین کارایی فنی کشاورزان شالی­کار برنج دانه­بلند مرغوب و برنج دانه­بلند پرمحصول بر مبنای رویکرد نهاده­محور و بازده متغیر نسبت به مقیاس در تحلیل پوششی داده­ها به­ترتیب 95/0 و 94/0 بود. نتایج به‌دست آمده از بهینه­سازی انرژی در این تحقیق نشان داد که می­توان در حدود 14 درصد از کل انرژی ورودی در تولید برنج دانه­بلند مرغوب و 16/18 درصد از کل انرژی ورودی در تولید برنج دانه­بلند پرمحصول را بدون هیچ کاهشی در میزان عملکرد، ذخیره کرد. نهاده انرژی الکتریسیته نیز بیش‌ترین سهم از کل انرژی ذخیره­شده را به خود اختصاص داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the energy consumption efficiency of different long grain rice varieties in Golestan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Taheri-Rad 1
  • Mehdi Khojastehpour 2
  • Abbas Rohani 3
  • Sorur Khoramdel 4
1 Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
4 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to analyze the inputs consumption, outputs production and to evaluate the technical efficiency of each of the farmers using data envelopment analysis method in rice fields of the Golestan province, Iran, in 2013. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires with 173 paddy farmers of Golestan using simple randomized sampling method. The inputs were labor, machinery, diesel fuel, seed, irrigation, chemical pesticides, chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizer and electricity. The results showed that total energy consumption in the rice fiels for production of paddy was 99060.1 MJ/ha, so that total input energy to the rice fields for production of high-yielding long grain rice and high-grade long grain rice were determined 108392.1 and 89835.3 MJ/ha, respectively. Diesel fuel with 38.7% of the total input energy to paddy fields was the most energy consumed in the production of rice. After diesel fuel, electricity and machines accounted for 29.3% and 19.2% of the total input energy in production of rice, respectively. Average technical efficiency of the farmers producing high-grade long grain rice and high-yielding long grain rice based on the input-oriented approach and variable returns to scale in the data envelopment analysis was 0.95 and 0.94, respectively. The results from the energy optimization in this research showed that about 14% of the total input energy can be stored in the production of high-grade long grain rice, as well as 18.16% of the total input energy in the production of high-yielding long grain rice without any reduction in performance. Electricity energy input was also the largest portion of total stored energy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Decision unit
  • Envelopment analysis
  • Optimization
  • Reference units
  • Scale efficiency
Agha-Alikhani, M., Kazemi-Poshtmasari, H. and Habibzadeh, F. 2013. Energy use pattern in rice production: A case study from Mazandaran province, Iran. Energy Conversion and Management 69: 157-162.##Ajabshirchi, Y., Taki, M., Abdi, R., Ghobadifar, A. and Ranjbar, I. 2011. Investigation of energy use efficiency for dry wheat production using data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach: Case study: Silakhor Plain. Journal of Agricultural Machinery 1 (2): 122-132. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Banker, R. D., Charnes, A. and Cooper, W. W. 1984. Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management Science 30 (3): 1078-1092.##Canakci, M. and Akinci, I. 2006. Energy use pattern analyses of greenhouse vegetable production. Energy  Conversion and Management  31: 1243-1256.##Canakci, M., Topakci, M., Akinci, I. and Ozmerzi, A. 2005. Energy use pattern of some field crops and vegetable production: Case study for Antalya region, Turkey. Energy Conversion and Management 46: 55-66.##Chauhan, N. S., Mohapatra, P. K. J. and Pandey, K. P. 2006. Improving energy productivity in paddy production through benchmarking: An application of data envelopment analysis. Energy Conversion and Management 47: 1063-1085.##Emami-Meybodi, A. 2000. Principles of efficiency and productivity measurement. Trade Institute Publications, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).##Energy Balancesheet. 2011. Ministry of Energy. Power and energy adjutancy of affairs. Energy Efficiency Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Available at: http://www.saba.org.ir. (In Persian).##Erdal, G., Esengun, K., Erdal, H. and Gunduz, O. 2007. Energy use and economical analysis of sugar beet production in Tokat province of Turkey. Energy 32: 35-41.##Gerivani, H. 2011. Evaluating the efficiency of Mellat Bank branches of the North Khorasan province using data envelopment analysis (DEA). M. Sc. Dissertation, College of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persion).##Hatirli, S., Ozkan, B. and Fert, C. 2005. An econometric analysis of energy input-output in Turkish agriculture. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 9: 608-623.##Jihad-e-Agriculture. 2012. Annual agricultural statistics. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture of Iran. Available at http://www.maj.ir. (In Persian).##Khoshnevisan, B., Motamed Shariati, H. R., Rafiee, Sh. and Mousazadeh, H. 2014. Comparison of energy consumption and GHG emissions of open field and greenhouse strawberry production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 29: 316-324.##Khoshnevisan, B., Rafiee, Sh., Omid, M. and Mousazadeh, H. 2013. Applying data envelopment analysis approach to improve energy efficiency and reduce GHG (greenhouse gas) emission of wheat production. Energy 58: 588-593.##Mobtaker, H. G., Akram, A., Keyhani, A. and Mohammadi, A. 2012. Optimization of energy required for alfalfa production using data envelopment analysis approach. Energy for Sustainable Development 16 (2): 242-248.##Mobtaker, H. G., Keyhani, A., Mohammadi, A., Rafiee, S. and Akram, A. 2010. Sensitivity analysis of energy inputs for barley production in Hamedan province of Iran. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 137: 367-372.##Mousavi-Avval, S. H., Rafiee, S. and Mohammadi, A. 2011a. Optimization of energy consumption and input costs for apple production in Iran using data envelopment analysis. Energy 36: 909-916.##Mousavi-Avval, S. H., Rafiee, S., Jafari, A. and Mohammadi, A. 2011b. Optimization of energy consumption for soybean production using data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Applied Energy 88 (11): 3765-3772.##Nabavi-Pelesaraei, A., Abdi, R., Rafiee, S. and Taromi, K. 2014. Applying data envelopment analysis approach to improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emission of rice production. Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food 7 (4): 155-162.##Nassiri, S. M. and Singh, S. 2009. Study on energy use efficiency for paddy crop using data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique. Applied Energy 86: 1320-1325.##Ozkan, B., Akcaoz, H. and Fert, C. 2004. Energy input-output analysis in Turkish agriculture. Renewable Energy 29: 39-51.##Ozkan, B., Ceylan, R. F. and Kizilay, H. 2011. Comparison of energy inputs in glasshouse double crop (fall and summer crops) tomato production. Renewable Energy 36: 1639-1644.##Pathak, B. S. and Binning, A. S. 1985. Energy use pattern and potential for energy saving in rice-wheat cultivation. Energy in Agriculture 4: 271-278.##Pirdashti, H., Nasiri, M. and Kazemi-Poshtmasari, H. 2006. Raton discussion of the rice cultivation. Haghshenas Publications, Rasht, Iran. (In Persian).##Pishgar-Komleh, S. H., Sefeedpari, P. and Rafiee, S. 2011. Energy and economic analysis of rice production under different farm levels in Guilan province of Iran. Energy 36: 5824-5831.##Saiedi, A. 2014. Determining and comparing effective parameters in energy efficiency of broilers in Mashhad city. M. Sc. Dissertation, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian).##Sayin, C., Mencet, M. N. and Ozkan, B. 2005. Assessing of energy policies based on Turkish agriculture: Current status and some implications. Energy Policy 33: 2361-2373.##Singh, H., Mishra, D. and Nahar, N. M. 2002. Energy use pattern in production agriculture of a typical village in arid zone, India: Part I. Energy Conversion and Management 43: 2275-2286.##Singh, S. and Mittal, J. P. 1992. Energy in production agriculture. Mittal Publications. New Delhi.##Singh, S., Singh, S., Mittal J. P., Pannu, C. J. S. and Bhangoo, B. S. 1994. Energy inputs and crop yield relationships for rice in Punjab. Energy 19 (10): 1061-1065.##Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W. G. 1989. Statistical methods. 8th ed. Iowa State University Press.##Taheri-Rad, A., Nikkhah, A., Khojastehpour, M. and Nowrozieh, S. 2015. Assessing GHG emissions, and energy and economic analysis of cotton production in the Golestan province. Journal of Agricultural Machinery 5 (2): 428-445. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Taki, M., Ajabshirchi, Y., Abdi, R. and Akbarpour, O. 2012. Analysis of energy efficiency for greenhouse cucumber production using data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique (a case study: Shahreza Township). Journal of Agricultural Machinery 2 (1): 28-37. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Zamani, G. and Alizadeh, M. R. 2009. Rice of Iran cognition. Pelk publications, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).