انتخاب ژنوتیپ های برتر گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.) با استفاده از شاخص های گزینشی تحت شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، عضو انجمن پژوهشگران جوان دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 دانشیار، پژوهشکده فناوری تولیدات گیاهی و گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه فیزیولوژی مولکولی، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

مؤثرترین روش جهت بهبود ژنتیکی عملکرد به­عنوان یک صفت چندژنی، استفاده از گزینش غیرمستقیم از طریق صفات دیگر و گزینش هم­زمان بر مبنای شاخص­های گزینش مناسب است. هدف از اجرای این پژوهش، انتخاب لاین­های برتر گندم نان با استفاده از شاخص­های گزینشی تحت شرایط تنش خشکی بود. برای این منظور، 305 لاین خالص گندم حاصل از تلاقی ارقام روشن و فلات به­همراه چهار رقم شاهد شامل روشن، فلات، مهدوی و شاه­پسند در قالب طرح آگمنت در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان در سال زراعی 93-1392 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. به­منظور اعمال تنش خشکی، آبیاری در مرحله ظهور سنبله قطع شد و عملکرد دانه به­همراه برخی صفات زراعی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. از بین صفات اندازه­گیری شده، صفات وزن دانه­های سنبله اصلی، وزن دانه­های تک­بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد سنبله در بوته، وزن سنبله اصلی، طول برگ پرچم، طول سنبله و وزن بوته همبستگی ژنتیکی بالایی با عملکرد دانه داشتند. پاسخ به گزینش مستقیم و همبسته این صفات با عملکرد دانه نیز محاسبه و مشاهده شد که صفات تعداد سنبله در بوته و تعداد دانه در بوته بالاترین کارآیی گزینش را دارند. شاخص­های گزینش مختلف تهیه شده با استفاده از این صفات، همبستگی ژنتیکی بالایی با عملکرد دانه نشان دادند. علاوه بر آن، کارآیی نسبی گزینش و بهره مورد انتظار از شاخص با استفاده از شاخص اسمیت - هیزل نسبت به شاخص پسک - بیکر بیشتر بود. بنابراین، استفاده از شاخص بهینه می­تواند برای انتخاب ژنوتیپ­های مناسب در برنامه­های اصلاحی گندم مؤثر باشد. در نهایت، بر اساس هر شاخص 30 لاین برتر انتخاب و از مقایسه آن­ها هفت لاین امیدبخش برای ارزیابی­های بیشتر جهت قرار گرفتن در فرایند معرفی به زارعین شناسایی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Selection of elite lines in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using selection indices under drought stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Dorrani-Nejad 1
  • Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad 2
  • Babak Nakhoda 3
1 Ph. D. Student, Member of Young Researcher Association, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production (RTIPP) and Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
3 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The most effective approach for genetic improvement of grain yield as a polygenic trait is indirect selection by other traits and simultaneous selection based on the suitable selection indices. The objective of this research was to select the elite lines of bread wheat by selection indices approach. 305 pure lines of bread wheat derived from a cross between Roshan × Falat as well as four check varieties, Roshan, Falat, Mahdavi and Shahpasand, were evaluated as an augmented design at research field of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman 2013-2014 growing season. In order to apply drought stress, irrigation was cut-off at the emergence stage of the spike and grain yield and other agronomic traits were measured. Among the studied traits, grain weight of main spike, grain weight of single plant, number of grain per plant, 1000- grain weight, number of spike per plant, main spike weight, flag leaf length, spike length and plant weight showed highly genetic correlations with grain yield. Direct and correlated response to selections for grain yield for these traits were calculated. The results indicated that number of spike per plant and number of grain per plant had the highest efficiency for indirect selection. The different selection indices constructed by these traits had the high genetic correlation with grain yield. Moreover, relative efficiency of selection and expected gain of selection index using the Smith-Hazel index was higher than the Pesek-Baker index. Therefore, using the optimum index can be effective in breeding programs of wheat to improve grain yield under drought stress. Finally, 30 elite lines were selected based on each selection index and from their comparison, seven superior and promising lines were identified for further evaluations and introduction to farmers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cut-off irrigation
  • Pesek-Baker index
  • Simultaneous selection
  • Smith-Hazel index
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