ارزیابی ژنوتیپ‌های برنج بر اساس عملکرد و اجزای آن تحت شرایط آبیاری کامل و تنش خشکی و شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی با روش‌ تجزیه بای‌پلات

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهش،‌ موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ‏ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی ژنوتیپ‌های برنج از لحاظ تحمل به خشکی و تعیین صفات مؤثر بر عملکرد دانه، 18 ژنوتیپ برنج (14 لاین جهش­یافته نسل M5 و چهار رقم حساس به خشکی) تحت شرایط آبیاری کامل (بدون تنش) و تنش خشکی در مرحله زایشی به‌صورت دو آزمایش جداگانه در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور در رشت طی سال زراعی 94-1393 ارزیابی شدند. تجزیه بای‌پلات ژنوتیپ در صفت نشان داد که عملکرد دانه تحت شرایط آبیاری کامل با تعداد پنجه، درصد باروری دانه و عرض دانه و تحت شرایط تنش خشکی با طول و عرض دانه، تعداد پنجه، درصد باروری دانه و تعداد دانه پر همبستگی مثبت داشت. شاخص‌های متوسط بهره­وری (MP)، میانگین هندسی تولید (GMP)، میانگین هارمونیک (HarM)، شاخص تحمل به تنش (STI) و شاخص عملکرد (YI)، شاخص‌های مناسب در شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های برتر در شرایط تنش بودند. بر اساس شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی و نمود کلی صفات در شرایط تنش، ارقام خزر، هاشمی، طارم و گیلانه حساس‌ترین و لاین‌‌های موتانت 1، 2، 3، 4 (همگی از رقم طارم محلی) و 7 (از رقم هاشمی)، به‌ترتیب با میانگین عملکرد 33/2788، 00/2163، 33/2178، 00/2194 و 00/2375 کیلوگرم در هکتار تحت شرایط تنش خشکی، متحمل‌ترین ژنوتیپ‌ها بودند. بر اساس نمره تحمل به تنش (STS) نیز این لاین‌ها متحمل‌ترین ژنوتیپ‌ها بودند. بنابراین، به نظر می‌رسد که استفاده از موتاسیون توانسته باشد تحمل به خشکی را در نتاج افزایش دهد. این لاین‌های موتانت علاوه بر استفاده به­عنوان والدین تلاقی‌ها، می‌توانند به­عنوان ارقام متحمل به خشکی نیز معرفی شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of rice genotypes based on yield and yield components under complete irrigation and drought stress conditions and drought tolerance indices using biplot analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hashem Aminpanah 1
  • Peyman Sharifi 1
  • Ali Akbar Ebadi 2
1 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
2 Research Assist. Prof., Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research Education and Extension ‎Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

To evaluate rice genotypes to drought stress and determine the effective traits on grain yield, 18 rice genotypes (14 M5 mutant lines and four drought sensitive cultivars) were studied in two separately experiments under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions in reproductive stage based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Rasht, Iran, during 2014-2015 growing season. Genotype by trait (GT) biplot analysis indicated positive correlations between grain yield and tiller number, grain productivity and width of grains in normal irrigation condition and width and length of grains, number of tillers, grain productivity and number of filled grains in drought stress condition. Stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and harmonic mean (HM) indices were as suitable indices to select the high-yielding genotypes under drought stress condition. Based on drought stress tolerance indices and overall performance of traits under drought condition, Khazar, Hashemi, Tarom and Gilaneh were as the most sensitive genotypes and mutant lines G1, G2, G3, G4 (derived from Tarom) and G7 (derived from Hashemi) with 2788.33, 2163.00, 2178.33, 2194.00 and 2375.00 kg.ha-1 grain yield in drought stress condition, were the tolerant genotypes. Stress tolerance score (STS) were also introduced the above genotypes as tolerant genotypes. Therefore, it is seems that use of mutations has been able to increase drought tolerance on the progenies. The above mutant lines in addition to use as parents in crosses, could also be used in the introduction of drought tolerant cultivars.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genotype by trait biplot
  • Mutation
  • Stress tolerance score
  • Yield index
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