گزینش ژنوتیپ های گندم دوروم متحمل به شوری در مرحله جوانه‌زنی با استفاده از شاخص‌های گزینش چند صفتی MGIDI و IGSI

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 استاد گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: گندم دوروم (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) یا گندم سخت، دومین گونه زراعی مهم گندم است. از آنجایی که گندم دوروم عمدتاً در شرایط دیم در ناحیه مدیترانه کشت می‌شود، عملکرد آن شدیداً تحت تأثیر تنش‌های غیرزیستی به‌ویژه خشکی و شوری قرار می‌گیرد. تنش شوری باعث ایجاد تنش اسمزی می‌شود و تعادل یونی سلول و فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیک گیاه مانند جوانه‌زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه را مختل می‌کند. این مطالعه به­منظور شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به شوری گندم دوروم در مرحله جوانه­زنی با استفاده از شاخص‌های گزینش چند صفتی مانند شاخص فاصله ژنوتیپ- ایدیوتیپ چند صفتی (MGIDI) و شاخص گزینش ژنوتیپ ایده‌آل (IGSI) انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: مواد گیاهی این تحقیق، 50 ژنوتیپ مختلف گندم دوروم بود که از نظر تحمل به شوری در مرحله جوانه­زنی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. برای ایجاد تنش شوری نیز از نمک کلرید سدیم در سه سطح شامل غلظت‌های صفر (شاهد)، 150 میلی‌مولار (تقریباً معادل 15 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و 300 میلی‌مولار (تقریباً معادل 30 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) استفاده شد. به­منظور ارزیابی تحمل به شوری ژنوتیپ‌ها، ابتدا شاخص‌های کمی تحمل به تنش بر اساس وزن خشک ریشه­چه و ساقه­چه در شرایط بدون تنش (Yp) و در میانگین سطوح شوری (Ys) برای هر ژنوتیپ محاسبه شد. سپس شاخص MGIDI با توجه نتایج تحلیل عاملی و بر مبنای نمرات عاملی دو عامل اول (با مقادیر ویژه بیش­تر از یک) محاسبه شد. شاخص IGSI نیز با در نظر گرفتن تمامی شاخص‌های تحمل به تنش برای هر یک از ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه محاسبه شد.
یافته ­های تحقیق: نتایج تحلیل عاملی بر اساس تجزیه به مؤلفه های اصلی نشان داد که دو عامل اول با مقادیر ویژه بیش­تر از یک 6/99 درصد از واریانس کل را تبیین کردند. محاسبه شاخص MGIDI برای هر یک از ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه بر اساس نمرات عاملی نشان داد که در میانگین شرایط تنش شوری، ژنوتیپ‌های 6، 23، 5، 30، 34، 29، 31، 2، 10، 39، 13، 9، 47، 12، 52، 48 و 1 با داشتن مقادیر کم­تر شاخص MGIDI (بین 90/0 تا 50/2) و مقادیر بالاتر شاخص IGSI (بین 65/0تا 80/0) بهترین ژنوتیپ‌ها از نظر تحمل به شوری بودند. در مقابل، ژنوتیپ‌های 46، 43، 19، 26، 4، 15، 42، 38، 11 و 37 که دارای مقادیر IGSI پایین‌تر و MGIDI بالاتر بودند و به­عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های ضعیف و حساس به شوری در نظر گرفته شدند. ضریب تبیین (R2) بین این دو شاخص برای همه ژنوتیپ‌ها 92 درصد بود که نشان‌دهنده همبستگی بالای بین این دو شاخص و انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌های یکسان بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که تنوع ژنتیکی قابل توجهی در بین ژنوتیپ‌های گندم دوروم مورد مطالعه از نظر تحمل به شوری در مرحله جوانه‌زنی وجود داشت که می‌توان از آن در برنامه­های اصلاحی این گیاه زراعی ارزشمند استفاده کرد. همچنین شاخص‌های IGSI و MGIDI در شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های برتر بر اساس تمامی شاخص‌های تحمل به تنش مؤثر بودند. بنابراین، از این شاخص‌ها می‌توان برای گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به شوری بر اساس صفات مختلف در برنامه‌های اصلاحی استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Selection of salinity-tolerant durum wheat genotypes at germination stage using MGIDI and IGSI multi-trait selection indices

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Saber 1
  • Rasool Asghari Zakaria 2
  • Nasser Zare 3
  • Salim Farzaneh 4
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghgh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) or hard wheat, is the second most important wheat crop species. Since durum wheat is mainly cultivated under dryland conditions in the Mediterranean region, its yield is strongly affected by abiotic stresses, especially drought and salinity. Salinity stress causes osmotic stress and disrupts the ionic balance of the cells and plant physiologic processes such as seed germination and seedling growth. This study was conducted to identify durum wheat salinity tolerant genotypes at germination stage using multi-trait selection indices such as multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) and the ideal genotype selection index (IGSI).
 
Materials and methods
The plant materials of this research were 50 different durum wheat genotypes, which were evaluated for salinity tolerance at germination stage. The experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. To create salinity stress, sodium chloride (NaCl) was used at three levels including 0 (control), 150 mM (~15 dS.m-1), and 300 mM (~30 dS.m-1) concentrations. To evaluate the salinity tolerance of the studied genotypes, quantitative stress tolerance indices were first calculated based on root (radicle) and shoot (plumule) dry weight under non-stress conditions (Yp) and average salinity levels (Ys) for each genotype. Then according to the results of factor analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA), the MGIDI index was calculated using the factor scores of the first two factors with eigen values greater than one. The IGSI index for each genotype was also calculated using all stress tolerance indices.
 
Research findings
The results of factor analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first two factors with eigen values greater than one explained 99.6 of the total variance. The calculation of the MGIDI index based on the factor scores of the studied genotypes showed that in average salinity stress conditions, genotypes 6, 23, 5, 30, 34, 29, 31, 2, 10, 39, 13, 9, 47, 12, 52, 48, and 1 with lower values of MGIDI (between 0.90 and 2.50) and higher values of IGSI (between 0.65 and 0.80) were the best genotypes in term of salinity tolerance. In contrast, genotypes 46, 43, 19, 26, 4, 15, 42, 38,11, and 37 with the lower values of IGSI and the higher values of MGIDI, were considered as weak and sensitive genotypes to salinity. The coefficient of determination (R2) between these two indices for all genotypes was 92%, indicating a high correlation between these two indices and the selection of same genotypes.
 
Conclusion
The results of the present study showed that there was a significant genetic diversity among the studied durum wheat genotypes for salinity tolerance at the germination stage, which can be used in the breeding programs of this valuable crop. IGSI and MGIDI indices were also effective in identifying superior genotypes based on all stress tolerance indices. Therefore, these indices can be recommended to select salinity tolerant genotypes based on different traits in breeding programs.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Factor analysis
  • Plumule
  • Radicle
  • Salinity stress
  • Stress tolerance indices

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تحقیقات غلات
دوره 12، شماره 3
آذر 1401
صفحه 263-279

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