University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 6 3 2017 04 21 Effect of different tillage methods and the rate of crop residues on yield, yield components and economic efficiency of wheat Effect of different tillage methods and the rate of crop residues on yield, yield components and economic efficiency of wheat 323 337 2210 FA Hamid Reza Komeili Ph. D. Student, International Campus, Ferdwosi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam Prof., Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdwosi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Masoud Ghodsi Research Assist. Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati Prof., Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdwosi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad Reza Jalal Kamali Research Assist. Prof., CIMMYT Office in Iran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2014 12 03 To investigatr the effect of different tillage methods and crop residues on yield, yield components and economic efficiency of wheat, an experiment was carried out as split-plot layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications at  research station of Gonabad during 2012-13 growing season. Three tillage methods including conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and no tillage (NT) were allocated to main plots and three crop residues containing without residue (R0), 30% (R1) and 60% (R2) of residues retention were assigned in sub plots. Results showed that different tillage methods and rate of residue management had not significantly effects on dry matter accumulation in different developmental stages, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. Tillage methods had only significantly effect on number of spike per m². The highest level of biological yield was obtained from RT treatment. With increasing crop residues from zero to 60%, biological and grain yield were increased, so that the highest amount of biological yield was obtained from retention of 60% residues. The highest level of grain yield was related to CT + R2 treatment. However, CT + R1 and RT + R2 treatments were the best treatments in view point of economic and had the highest rate of net income and rate of return. To investigatr the effect of different tillage methods and crop residues on yield, yield components and economic efficiency of wheat, an experiment was carried out as split-plot layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications at  research station of Gonabad during 2012-13 growing season. Three tillage methods including conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and no tillage (NT) were allocated to main plots and three crop residues containing without residue (R0), 30% (R1) and 60% (R2) of residues retention were assigned in sub plots. Results showed that different tillage methods and rate of residue management had not significantly effects on dry matter accumulation in different developmental stages, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. Tillage methods had only significantly effect on number of spike per m². The highest level of biological yield was obtained from RT treatment. With increasing crop residues from zero to 60%, biological and grain yield were increased, so that the highest amount of biological yield was obtained from retention of 60% residues. The highest level of grain yield was related to CT + R2 treatment. However, CT + R1 and RT + R2 treatments were the best treatments in view point of economic and had the highest rate of net income and rate of return. https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_2210_2a555318fbe3ea4fa63d3a8e53044e3c.pdf