University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 9 3 2019 11 22 Introducing Waxy leaved mustard (Boreava orientalis Jaub. & Spach.) as a problematic weed in wheat fields of Kurdistan province Introducing Waxy leaved mustard (Boreava orientalis Jaub. & Spach.) as a problematic weed in wheat fields of Kurdistan province 261 269 4022 10.22124/cr.2020.14680.1526 FA Sirwan Babaei Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Tayebeh Adeli Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Iraj Tahmasebi Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Valiolla Mozafarian Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2019 09 24 In field studies of weeds in the wheat fields of Kurdistan province, Iran, an alien plant from Brassicaceae species were observed for the flora of the province. This plant has been a weed in the wheat fields of Dehgolan, Ghorveh, Bijar and Divandareh (all of Kurdistan, Iran) for less than a past decade and its population has increased extremely in the last three to four years. According to the Turkish flora, this plant is nominated waxy leaved mustard and its scientific name is Boreava orientalis Jaub & Spach. The flora of Iran introduced this species as the synonym of Isatis quadrialata. In this study, weed density and distribution of B. orientalis was investigated in three regions, Dehgolan, Ghorveh and Bijar, and 15 fields from each region and compared with common weeds of the region. Data were collected by observational method and scoring was performed on a scale of 0 to 100. GIS software (ver. 10) was used to construct the distribution map of this weed and sampling data were interpolated using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. The results of this study showed that the regions infected to waxy leaved mustard were more in Sanandaj to Dehgolan, Sanandaj to Bijar and Dehgolan to Bijar path and weed density in these areas was about 40 plants/m2. The seeds of this weed will fall after maturity and before harvesting wheat and germinate under favorable environmental conditions from late November to late December. The distribution of waxy leaved mustard is clumpy and in some fields covers about 35% of the field surface and wheat yield loss at this high densities was estimated to be 70%. The density of this weed in the irrigated fiels is higher than in the dry fields and causes more damage. Although this weed has been present in the region for about six years, but its spread is intense and worrying. It is recommended that more comprehensive studies be carried out on the different characteristics and appropriate methods of controlling this weed. In field studies of weeds in the wheat fields of Kurdistan province, Iran, an alien plant from Brassicaceae species were observed for the flora of the province. This plant has been a weed in the wheat fields of Dehgolan, Ghorveh, Bijar and Divandareh (all of Kurdistan, Iran) for less than a past decade and its population has increased extremely in the last three to four years. According to the Turkish flora, this plant is nominated waxy leaved mustard and its scientific name is Boreava orientalis Jaub & Spach. The flora of Iran introduced this species as the synonym of Isatis quadrialata. In this study, weed density and distribution of B. orientalis was investigated in three regions, Dehgolan, Ghorveh and Bijar, and 15 fields from each region and compared with common weeds of the region. Data were collected by observational method and scoring was performed on a scale of 0 to 100. GIS software (ver. 10) was used to construct the distribution map of this weed and sampling data were interpolated using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. The results of this study showed that the regions infected to waxy leaved mustard were more in Sanandaj to Dehgolan, Sanandaj to Bijar and Dehgolan to Bijar path and weed density in these areas was about 40 plants/m2. The seeds of this weed will fall after maturity and before harvesting wheat and germinate under favorable environmental conditions from late November to late December. The distribution of waxy leaved mustard is clumpy and in some fields covers about 35% of the field surface and wheat yield loss at this high densities was estimated to be 70%. The density of this weed in the irrigated fiels is higher than in the dry fields and causes more damage. Although this weed has been present in the region for about six years, but its spread is intense and worrying. It is recommended that more comprehensive studies be carried out on the different characteristics and appropriate methods of controlling this weed.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_4022_9fbeacd45a3448e65a64435e00825ac5.pdf