University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 4 1 2014 06 18 Evaluation of relationship among traits in wheat genotypes under terminal water stress conditions Evaluation of relationship among traits in wheat genotypes under terminal water stress conditions 1 11 1437 FA Esmael Mahmoodi M.Sc. of Plant Breeding, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University Soleyman Mohammadi Research Assist. Prof., West Azerbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, Jalal Saba Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University Hamze Hamze Educational Trainer of Mahabad Payame Noor University Mohammad Rezaei Research Assist. Prof., West Azerbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center Journal Article 2013 09 29 To identify relationship among traits in winter wheat genotypes, 18 promising lines and two checks varieties were evaluated as randomized complete block design with 3 replications in two locations (Miyandoab and Hamedan) during 2006-2007 under terminal water stress conditions. Results showed that biomass had the greatest phenotypic variation coefficient. Grain yield had the positive significant correlation with biomass (0.66**), 1000 grain weight (0.66**) and plant height (0.30**). Stepwise regression analysis showed that biomass, 1000 grain weight and days to maturity explained 77.2% of the grain yield variation. Path analysis showed that biomass (0.60**) and 1000 grain weight (0.36**) had positive significant direct effects on grain yield, but days to maturity had negative significant direct effect (-0.16**) on grain yield. Factor analysis based on principal components identified four factors explaining about 72.8% of total variation among traits. Results from current research showed that biomass and 1000 grain weight can be suitable selection indices for increasing grain yield of the studied wheat genotypes under terminal water stress condition. To identify relationship among traits in winter wheat genotypes, 18 promising lines and two checks varieties were evaluated as randomized complete block design with 3 replications in two locations (Miyandoab and Hamedan) during 2006-2007 under terminal water stress conditions. Results showed that biomass had the greatest phenotypic variation coefficient. Grain yield had the positive significant correlation with biomass (0.66**), 1000 grain weight (0.66**) and plant height (0.30**). Stepwise regression analysis showed that biomass, 1000 grain weight and days to maturity explained 77.2% of the grain yield variation. Path analysis showed that biomass (0.60**) and 1000 grain weight (0.36**) had positive significant direct effects on grain yield, but days to maturity had negative significant direct effect (-0.16**) on grain yield. Factor analysis based on principal components identified four factors explaining about 72.8% of total variation among traits. Results from current research showed that biomass and 1000 grain weight can be suitable selection indices for increasing grain yield of the studied wheat genotypes under terminal water stress condition.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_1437_8a110955042c3ea1ddd56fba609e9ab6.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 4 1 2014 06 18 Study of some tolerance mechanisms to water dificit stress in bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) Study of some tolerance mechanisms to water dificit stress in bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) 13 25 1438 FA Horieh Tavakoli Hasanaklou M.Sc. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences,University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ali Ebadi Assoc. Prof. Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences,University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences,University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Journal Article 2013 10 29 To assess the physiological characteristics of wheat genotypes under water deficit conditions, a pot experiment was carried out as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse and laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2012. Treatments were consisted of water deficit in three levels (85%, 60% and 35% of field capacity) and five wheat genotypes (Mihan, C-88D-7, C-88D-17, C88D-19 and C88D-20). Results showed that stomatal conductance, proline content, soluble sugar, primary florescence and maximum florescence increased significantly in most of the genotypes due to an increase in drought stress intensity. It seems that enhancing the lysine and methionine breakdown under stress, leads to increase synthesis of proline for osmotic adjustment. The genotype C-88D-17 showed minimum biomass loss during stress which may be due to increase stomatal resistance, membrane stability by reducing the osmotic potential in severe stress. The maximum amount of proline and soluble sugars produced by Mihan genotype so it showed better resistance to water stress and the less biomass reduction under stress. According to these results the Mihan and genotype C-88D-17 can introduced resistant genotypes and genotype C-88D-19 and C-88D-7 Semi resistant to water stress. Also, since the genotype C-88D-20 showed lowest proline accumulation, biomass production and soluble sugars accumulation than other genotypes it is sensitive to water stress compared to the other genotypes. To assess the physiological characteristics of wheat genotypes under water deficit conditions, a pot experiment was carried out as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse and laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2012. Treatments were consisted of water deficit in three levels (85%, 60% and 35% of field capacity) and five wheat genotypes (Mihan, C-88D-7, C-88D-17, C88D-19 and C88D-20). Results showed that stomatal conductance, proline content, soluble sugar, primary florescence and maximum florescence increased significantly in most of the genotypes due to an increase in drought stress intensity. It seems that enhancing the lysine and methionine breakdown under stress, leads to increase synthesis of proline for osmotic adjustment. The genotype C-88D-17 showed minimum biomass loss during stress which may be due to increase stomatal resistance, membrane stability by reducing the osmotic potential in severe stress. The maximum amount of proline and soluble sugars produced by Mihan genotype so it showed better resistance to water stress and the less biomass reduction under stress. According to these results the Mihan and genotype C-88D-17 can introduced resistant genotypes and genotype C-88D-19 and C-88D-7 Semi resistant to water stress. Also, since the genotype C-88D-20 showed lowest proline accumulation, biomass production and soluble sugars accumulation than other genotypes it is sensitive to water stress compared to the other genotypes.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_1438_e8d6d5753811477e5286c61cf8340c1f.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 4 1 2014 06 18 Evaluation of environmental impacts for wheat Agroecosystems of Iran by using Life Cycle Assessment methodology Evaluation of environmental impacts for wheat Agroecosystems of Iran by using Life Cycle Assessment methodology 27 44 1439 FA Suroor Khorramdel Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam Prof. Dept. of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Afsaneh Amin Ghafori Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal Article 2014 01 22 Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodology for assessing the environmental impacts associated with a product, by identifying, quantifying and evaluating the resources consumed, and all emissions and wastes released into the environment. This study examined the environmental impacts for irrigated and rainfed wheat agroecosystems of Iran based on nitrogen levels by using LCA methodology during year of 2013. Four steps such as goal definition and scoping, inventory analysis, life cycle impact assessment and integration andinterpretation were considered based on ISO 14040 methods. Impact categories were global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrpphication and aquatic eutrpphication. After normalization and weighting of the indicator values, environmental impacts (EcoX) was calculated. The results showed that the highest yield for irrigated and rainfed wheat agroecosystems were recorded with 3.8 and 2.8 t.ha-1 by using 200-220 and 50-60 kg N.ha-1, respectively. In irrigated wheat agroecosystem, the maximum global warming, acidification, aquatic eutrophication and terrestrial eutrophication were observed in >220 kg N.ha-1 with 889.61 CO2 equiv./t grain, 1.53 SO2 equiv./t grain, 2.41 PO4 equiv./t grain and 1.11 NOx equiv./t grain, respectively. In rainfed wheat agroecosystem, these values calculated in >60 kg N.ha-1 with 937.73 CO2 equiv./t grain, 3.03 SO2 equiv./t grain, 3.74 PO4 equiv./t grain and 5.05 NOx equiv./t grain, respectively. EcoX ranges for irrigated and rainfed agroecosystems were calculated with 0.47-0.55 and 0.34-0.43 per one ton grain, respectively. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodology for assessing the environmental impacts associated with a product, by identifying, quantifying and evaluating the resources consumed, and all emissions and wastes released into the environment. This study examined the environmental impacts for irrigated and rainfed wheat agroecosystems of Iran based on nitrogen levels by using LCA methodology during year of 2013. Four steps such as goal definition and scoping, inventory analysis, life cycle impact assessment and integration andinterpretation were considered based on ISO 14040 methods. Impact categories were global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrpphication and aquatic eutrpphication. After normalization and weighting of the indicator values, environmental impacts (EcoX) was calculated. The results showed that the highest yield for irrigated and rainfed wheat agroecosystems were recorded with 3.8 and 2.8 t.ha-1 by using 200-220 and 50-60 kg N.ha-1, respectively. In irrigated wheat agroecosystem, the maximum global warming, acidification, aquatic eutrophication and terrestrial eutrophication were observed in >220 kg N.ha-1 with 889.61 CO2 equiv./t grain, 1.53 SO2 equiv./t grain, 2.41 PO4 equiv./t grain and 1.11 NOx equiv./t grain, respectively. In rainfed wheat agroecosystem, these values calculated in >60 kg N.ha-1 with 937.73 CO2 equiv./t grain, 3.03 SO2 equiv./t grain, 3.74 PO4 equiv./t grain and 5.05 NOx equiv./t grain, respectively. EcoX ranges for irrigated and rainfed agroecosystems were calculated with 0.47-0.55 and 0.34-0.43 per one ton grain, respectively.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_1439_a1764271955d66bae295534becbf0173.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 4 1 2014 06 18 Study of biochemical and chemical traits of different rice genotypes under salinity stress Study of biochemical and chemical traits of different rice genotypes under salinity stress 45 58 1440 FA Ahmad Majidimehr M.Sc. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University Reza Amiri-Fahliani Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University Asad Masoumiasl Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University Journal Article 2013 12 22 Salinity is one of the most important obstacles in agriculture which reduces crop production. To investigate the salt stress effect on some biochemical and chemical traits of 11 rice genotypes, an experiment was conducted as split-plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Agricultural College of Yasouj University, in 2012. The main plots were included 4 levels of salinity (0, 44, 88 and 132 mM NaCl) and subplots were 11 rice genotypes and 10 characteristics including of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, leaf proline, leaf soluble protein, leaf and root sodium, leaf and root potassium, leaf and root sodium to potassium ratio were measured and analyzed. Results showed that genotypes were significantly different for all traits except leaf sodium to potassium ratio at both 5% and 1% probability levels. Positive and significant correlation was observed between leaf proline and soluble sugars in stress conditions. Factor analysis on the basis of principal components method and varimax rotation, extracted 5 factors in non-stress and 4 factors in stress conditions that explained 79.79 and 68.10 percent of total variations, respectively. Using ward's method of cluster analysis, the studied genotypes were grouped in 3 clusters in both non-stress and stress conditions. Results from factor coefficients analysis indicated the importance of stress tolerance component including leaf proline and protein in selection of desirable genotypes for salt stress condition. Considering the results, it could be exploited from heterosis and genetic diversity in breeding programs, using genotypes of the first and third clusters in hybridization because of their maximum difference. Salinity is one of the most important obstacles in agriculture which reduces crop production. To investigate the salt stress effect on some biochemical and chemical traits of 11 rice genotypes, an experiment was conducted as split-plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Agricultural College of Yasouj University, in 2012. The main plots were included 4 levels of salinity (0, 44, 88 and 132 mM NaCl) and subplots were 11 rice genotypes and 10 characteristics including of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, leaf proline, leaf soluble protein, leaf and root sodium, leaf and root potassium, leaf and root sodium to potassium ratio were measured and analyzed. Results showed that genotypes were significantly different for all traits except leaf sodium to potassium ratio at both 5% and 1% probability levels. Positive and significant correlation was observed between leaf proline and soluble sugars in stress conditions. Factor analysis on the basis of principal components method and varimax rotation, extracted 5 factors in non-stress and 4 factors in stress conditions that explained 79.79 and 68.10 percent of total variations, respectively. Using ward's method of cluster analysis, the studied genotypes were grouped in 3 clusters in both non-stress and stress conditions. Results from factor coefficients analysis indicated the importance of stress tolerance component including leaf proline and protein in selection of desirable genotypes for salt stress condition. Considering the results, it could be exploited from heterosis and genetic diversity in breeding programs, using genotypes of the first and third clusters in hybridization because of their maximum difference.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_1440_9eece1bb44ac652d91209599c90f3a08.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 4 1 2014 06 18 Mapping of QTLs controlling cold tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Mapping of QTLs controlling cold tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) 59 68 1441 FA Dina Kebriyaee Former Graduate Student of Plant Breeding, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Ali Aalami Assist. Prof. Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Habibollah Samizadeh Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan Mehrzad Allahgholipour Research Assist. Prof., Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2013 08 04 In this research, 124 individuals of an F2 population derived from a cross between Domsiah variety (cold susceptible) and PR27137-CR153 line (cold resistant) were evaluated to identify the QTLs controlling cold tolerance in rice. Linkage map were established using 20 polymorphic SSRs and 81 AFLP markers which totally covered 3111 cM of the rice genome with an average distance of 31.67 cM. Composite interval mapping was used to determine the association between markers and traits that overall 13 QTLs were found for cold induced wilting tolerance (CIWT), cold induced necrosis tolerance (CINT), cold induced yellowing tolerance (CIYT) and cold tolerance (CT) traits. Three QTLs on chromosomes 2, 8 and 12 for CIWT, 5 QTLs on chromosomes 1, 3, 3, 10 and 12 for CINT, 3 QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2 and 8 for CIYT and 2 QTLs on chromosomes 3 and 12 for CT were mapped. Two major QTLs, qCIWT12 and qCINT12 on chromosome 12 revealed a significant contribution of phenotypic variance and also markers RM7200 and E64-M59-5 were nearly two QTLs. In this research, 124 individuals of an F2 population derived from a cross between Domsiah variety (cold susceptible) and PR27137-CR153 line (cold resistant) were evaluated to identify the QTLs controlling cold tolerance in rice. Linkage map were established using 20 polymorphic SSRs and 81 AFLP markers which totally covered 3111 cM of the rice genome with an average distance of 31.67 cM. Composite interval mapping was used to determine the association between markers and traits that overall 13 QTLs were found for cold induced wilting tolerance (CIWT), cold induced necrosis tolerance (CINT), cold induced yellowing tolerance (CIYT) and cold tolerance (CT) traits. Three QTLs on chromosomes 2, 8 and 12 for CIWT, 5 QTLs on chromosomes 1, 3, 3, 10 and 12 for CINT, 3 QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2 and 8 for CIYT and 2 QTLs on chromosomes 3 and 12 for CT were mapped. Two major QTLs, qCIWT12 and qCINT12 on chromosome 12 revealed a significant contribution of phenotypic variance and also markers RM7200 and E64-M59-5 were nearly two QTLs.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_1441_f10fa8519824cde796d04117ccfad14e.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 4 1 2014 06 18 Effect of rice white tip nematode (Aphelenchoides besseyi) on some qualitative traits of Hashemi cultivar Effect of rice white tip nematode (Aphelenchoides besseyi) on some qualitative traits of Hashemi cultivar 69 76 1442 FA Seyedeh Zohreh Asadi M.Sc. Student, Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan Salar Jamali Assist. Prof., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan Fatemeh Habibi Research Assist. Prof. Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht Samad Sabouri Lecturer, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht Journal Article 2013 09 28 Only a few plant parasitic nematodes are known to be seed born. Among them, the causal agent of white tip rice disease (Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, 1942) is considered to be one of the most important. In this study, effect of white tip nematode on appearance traits (length and shape of grain), chemical properties (amylase content and gelatinization temperature) and cooking properties (grain elongation) were examined by implanting seedling of Oryzae sativa cv. Hashemi into pots with dimension 20 × 25 cm and inoculating nematode with the different numbers of 0, 100, 300, 500 and 700 per seedling at the three to five leaf stage using plastic tubes in sheaths in a completely randomized design with four replications in 2012 and 2013. The results indicated that with increasing the inoculation level, length, gelatinization temperature and amylose content of grain were decreased (p<1%) significantly, but gelatinization temperature was decreased insignificantly. The grain cooking quality characteristics of treatments were good with intermediate amylase content and gelatinization temperature whereas the gelatinization temperature and amylose content were decreased. Only a few plant parasitic nematodes are known to be seed born. Among them, the causal agent of white tip rice disease (Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, 1942) is considered to be one of the most important. In this study, effect of white tip nematode on appearance traits (length and shape of grain), chemical properties (amylase content and gelatinization temperature) and cooking properties (grain elongation) were examined by implanting seedling of Oryzae sativa cv. Hashemi into pots with dimension 20 × 25 cm and inoculating nematode with the different numbers of 0, 100, 300, 500 and 700 per seedling at the three to five leaf stage using plastic tubes in sheaths in a completely randomized design with four replications in 2012 and 2013. The results indicated that with increasing the inoculation level, length, gelatinization temperature and amylose content of grain were decreased (p<1%) significantly, but gelatinization temperature was decreased insignificantly. The grain cooking quality characteristics of treatments were good with intermediate amylase content and gelatinization temperature whereas the gelatinization temperature and amylose content were decreased.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_1442_d0fa7a68a666594b2368ecc802722ada.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 4 1 2014 06 18 Bioinformatics and cereal genome databases: A case study in rice Bioinformatics and cereal genome databases: A case study in rice 77 87 1443 FA Narjes Tabkhkar Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan Babak Rabiei Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan Journal Article 2013 10 14 Advances of technology and the speed of genetic researches have enhanced genetic data in different fields like nucleotides and amino acids sequences, genes and proteins functions, mutants and their phenotypes, markers and etc. In addition to its volume, genetic information is complex and has subtle differences in the experimental manners which can influence on the quality and interpretation of the data. Thus it is crucial to describe and categorize the data related to genes and its phenotype information in the way that rapid and easy comparison of them be available. The use of genetic databases can help researchers to complete and update their researches and it awards them of the latest acquisitions of the science. Application of genetic databases in research for cereal is prevalent in recent years. This article will review databases which offer comprehensive information of rice genome and then one of the most usage cereal databases will be introduced. Advances of technology and the speed of genetic researches have enhanced genetic data in different fields like nucleotides and amino acids sequences, genes and proteins functions, mutants and their phenotypes, markers and etc. In addition to its volume, genetic information is complex and has subtle differences in the experimental manners which can influence on the quality and interpretation of the data. Thus it is crucial to describe and categorize the data related to genes and its phenotype information in the way that rapid and easy comparison of them be available. The use of genetic databases can help researchers to complete and update their researches and it awards them of the latest acquisitions of the science. Application of genetic databases in research for cereal is prevalent in recent years. This article will review databases which offer comprehensive information of rice genome and then one of the most usage cereal databases will be introduced.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_1443_a02bd157690b83b548a7a8e65adf9738.pdf