University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 3 2017 11 22 Effect of chemical fertilizers, compost and irrigation regimes management on yield and agronomic propertiesof rice, cultivar Hashemi Effect of chemical fertilizers, compost and irrigation regimes management on yield and agronomic propertiesof rice, cultivar Hashemi 301 313 2871 10.22124/c.2018.4431.1177 FA Teimour Razavipour member of scientific board Alireza Astaraei Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Amir Lakzian Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Hojat Emami Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Mosuod Kavoosi Associate professor, Department of Soil Sciences, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran. Journal Article 2016 04 16 The use of compost with chemical fertilizers is recognized as necessity for sustainable agriculture.To evaluate the effect of compost and chemical fertilizers under different irrigation regimes on rice morphological characteristics, a split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran, during 2013 and 2014. Irrigation regimes were 1.3 (control), 1 and 0.7 fold evaporation from the evaporation pan (Ep) as the main plot and six different fertilizers as the sub plots,C1=control, C2=N60- P30- K60 kg.ha-1, C3= C2 + compost (5 ton/ha), C4= N60 kg.ha-1 + compost (5 ton/ha), C5= P30- K60 kg.ha-1 + compost (5 ton/ha), and C6= compost(5 ton/ha). The results of the first year showed that the interaction of irrigation levels and fertilizers was significant at 1% probability level on all measured traits except for 1000 grain weight. In the second year,this interaction was also significant on the number of tiller, plant height, biologicyield, straw yield and grain yield at 1% probability level and on panicle lengthat 5% probability level, but had not significant effect on the other traits.The most appropriate management of irrigation was one-fold evaporation from the evaporation pan with the use of recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer and compost (5 ton/ha), which in addition to reducingthe environmentalproblems caused by uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers, especially phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, about 21.18 percent of the water consumption was consumed. The use of compost with chemical fertilizers is recognized as necessity for sustainable agriculture.To evaluate the effect of compost and chemical fertilizers under different irrigation regimes on rice morphological characteristics, a split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran, during 2013 and 2014. Irrigation regimes were 1.3 (control), 1 and 0.7 fold evaporation from the evaporation pan (Ep) as the main plot and six different fertilizers as the sub plots,C1=control, C2=N60- P30- K60 kg.ha-1, C3= C2 + compost (5 ton/ha), C4= N60 kg.ha-1 + compost (5 ton/ha), C5= P30- K60 kg.ha-1 + compost (5 ton/ha), and C6= compost(5 ton/ha). The results of the first year showed that the interaction of irrigation levels and fertilizers was significant at 1% probability level on all measured traits except for 1000 grain weight. In the second year,this interaction was also significant on the number of tiller, plant height, biologicyield, straw yield and grain yield at 1% probability level and on panicle lengthat 5% probability level, but had not significant effect on the other traits.The most appropriate management of irrigation was one-fold evaporation from the evaporation pan with the use of recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer and compost (5 ton/ha), which in addition to reducingthe environmentalproblems caused by uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers, especially phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, about 21.18 percent of the water consumption was consumed.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_2871_54ef8a3acbb1b8a25b6c026dd42f6474.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 3 2017 11 22 Evaluating the effect of seed priming on growth and yield of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in direct seeding method Evaluating the effect of seed priming on growth and yield of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in direct seeding method 315 329 2872 10.22124/c.2018.4825.1188 FA Hassan Akhgari Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Masoud Esfahani Prof., Dept.of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Golamreza Mohsenabadi Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Ali Aalami Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2016 04 06 This study aimed to determine the role of seed priming on different methods of rice cultivation was performed. A factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted at the experimental field of Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Rasht, Iran, duringtwo years (2013 and 2014). The experimental factors were included two rice varieties (KhazarandHashemi) and ten cultivation methods (eight priming, combined with seed tape technology plus two treatments, linear direct seeding and transplanting). The measured characteristics were including characteristics of seeds and seedlings in the lab and other phenological and morphological characteristics. Also, the descriptions of the three planting methods were discussed (direct seeding with seed tap technology, linear direct seeding and transplanting). The combined analysis of variance showed that seed priming had significant effects on seed and seedling traits. Most of seedling establishment in the field was related to dry seed treatment. There was no significant seed priming effect on yield, while there was significant impacts of cultivar, the interaction between cultivar and priming on yield. Most grain yield was, Khazar cultivar of transplantation treat, and in Hashem cultivar was in seed priming treat with calcium chloride. results showed that the direct seeding using seed tap technology, declined by 11 percent during the growing season, 32% of the number of workers, the experiment was better than transplanting method. The overall result of this experiment showed that direct seeding with seed tap technology can be 12 percent reduced in rice production cost. This study aimed to determine the role of seed priming on different methods of rice cultivation was performed. A factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted at the experimental field of Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Rasht, Iran, duringtwo years (2013 and 2014). The experimental factors were included two rice varieties (KhazarandHashemi) and ten cultivation methods (eight priming, combined with seed tape technology plus two treatments, linear direct seeding and transplanting). The measured characteristics were including characteristics of seeds and seedlings in the lab and other phenological and morphological characteristics. Also, the descriptions of the three planting methods were discussed (direct seeding with seed tap technology, linear direct seeding and transplanting). The combined analysis of variance showed that seed priming had significant effects on seed and seedling traits. Most of seedling establishment in the field was related to dry seed treatment. There was no significant seed priming effect on yield, while there was significant impacts of cultivar, the interaction between cultivar and priming on yield. Most grain yield was, Khazar cultivar of transplantation treat, and in Hashem cultivar was in seed priming treat with calcium chloride. results showed that the direct seeding using seed tap technology, declined by 11 percent during the growing season, 32% of the number of workers, the experiment was better than transplanting method. The overall result of this experiment showed that direct seeding with seed tap technology can be 12 percent reduced in rice production cost.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_2872_081690b79dadf820f3be2fabb9daad9f.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 3 2017 11 22 Heterosis and diallel analysis for yield and some morphological traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Heterosis and diallel analysis for yield and some morphological traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) 331 341 2873 10.22124/c.2018.7126.1284 FA Alireza Haghighi Hasanalideh Ph.D. student of Plant Breeding, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Ezatollah Farshadfar Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University. Mehrzad Allahgholipour Research Assist. Prof., Dept. of Seed Improvement, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2017 03 16 To evaluate the combining ability, gene action and heterosis for morphological traits in rice, F2 progenies of a 6×6 half diallel crosses with their parents were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran, in 2015. Analysis of variance indicated that genotypes were significantly different for all measured traits. The results of diallel analysis by the second method of Gardner-Eberhart revealed that the variety effect was significant for all the studied traits. The effects of heterosis, average heterosis, variety heterosis and specific heterosis was significant for grain yield (GY), days to heading (DTH) and flag leaf length (FLL). Parents IR50 and RI18447-2 had the greatest positive and significant amount of general combining ability. The highest amount of specific combining ability was observed for IR50×RI18430-46 cross. Analysis of diallel by the third method of Gardner-Eberhart demonstrated existence of both additive and non-additive effects in genetic control of GY, DTH and spikelet’s number (SN). Heterobeltiosis and relative heterosisfor GY ranged from-35.03% to 17.16% and -28.59% to 24.01%, respectively. The sharpest decline in heterobeltiosis and relative heterosis for plant height (PH) was -14.36% and -12.73%, respectively. For panicle length (PL) no significant amounts of heterosis found in crosses. The range of heterobeltiosisfor SN was from -33.44% to 1.58%. According to combining ability, presence appropriate amounts of additive gene effects and heterosis for most of the studied traits, it is possible to breed these traits by using both the selection and hybrid production methods in the studied population. To evaluate the combining ability, gene action and heterosis for morphological traits in rice, F2 progenies of a 6×6 half diallel crosses with their parents were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran, in 2015. Analysis of variance indicated that genotypes were significantly different for all measured traits. The results of diallel analysis by the second method of Gardner-Eberhart revealed that the variety effect was significant for all the studied traits. The effects of heterosis, average heterosis, variety heterosis and specific heterosis was significant for grain yield (GY), days to heading (DTH) and flag leaf length (FLL). Parents IR50 and RI18447-2 had the greatest positive and significant amount of general combining ability. The highest amount of specific combining ability was observed for IR50×RI18430-46 cross. Analysis of diallel by the third method of Gardner-Eberhart demonstrated existence of both additive and non-additive effects in genetic control of GY, DTH and spikelet’s number (SN). Heterobeltiosis and relative heterosisfor GY ranged from-35.03% to 17.16% and -28.59% to 24.01%, respectively. The sharpest decline in heterobeltiosis and relative heterosis for plant height (PH) was -14.36% and -12.73%, respectively. For panicle length (PL) no significant amounts of heterosis found in crosses. The range of heterobeltiosisfor SN was from -33.44% to 1.58%. According to combining ability, presence appropriate amounts of additive gene effects and heterosis for most of the studied traits, it is possible to breed these traits by using both the selection and hybrid production methods in the studied population.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_2873_1c488b2904ebe9e723bcd868872329b5.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 3 2017 11 22 Evaluatingthe genetic parameters for some morpho-physiological traits in wheat using diallel analysis Evaluatingthe genetic parameters for some morpho-physiological traits in wheat using diallel analysis 343 356 2875 10.22124/c.2018.6037.1237 FA Mohtasham Mohammadi Research Prof., Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gachsaran, Iran Peyman Sharifi Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran Rahmatallah Karimizadeh Research Assist. Prof., Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gachsaran, Iran Mozafar Rostaei Research Assoc. Prof., Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran Journal Article 2016 10 30 To assessthe genetic parameters of morpho-physiological traits in wheat, six bread wheat genotypes and their partial diallel progenies were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at GachsaranAgricultural Research Station, Gachsaran, Iran,in 2013-14 cropping season. Regression coefficient indicated there were not the assumptions of additive-dominance model for number of days to flowering and maturity, plant height, spike length, 1000-grain weight and extrusion length of spike from flag leaf. Both dditive and non-additive gene effects played an important role in controlling the seedlinggrowth vigor, grain-filling period, chlorophyll content, canopy temperature, grain length and grain yield, but the role of non-additive was superior the additivegene effects. The average degree of dominance were 1.02, 1.05, 1.32, 1.41, 1.39 and 1.62 for above mentioned traits, respectively, which showed the role of over-dominance gene action in their controles. The results of Hayman’s graphical analysis indicated that increasingseedling growth vigor, grain yield, grain length and canopy temperature by recessive alleles and chlorophyll content by dominant alleles were controlled. The role of non-additive and over-dominance gene action in controlling grain yield showed the possibility of using the heterosis to improve this important trait in new wheat varieties. The hybridsKouhdasht × (DAMARA-6 ICW99-0427-8AP-0AP-0AP-3AP-0AP) and Kouhdasht × (PASTOR/2*SITTA// PBW343*2/KUKUNA) due to the high heterosis and also the highest grain yield among the all studied genotypes in this research,it is recommended to use heterosis phenomenon for increasing grain yield in wheat breeding programs. To assessthe genetic parameters of morpho-physiological traits in wheat, six bread wheat genotypes and their partial diallel progenies were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at GachsaranAgricultural Research Station, Gachsaran, Iran,in 2013-14 cropping season. Regression coefficient indicated there were not the assumptions of additive-dominance model for number of days to flowering and maturity, plant height, spike length, 1000-grain weight and extrusion length of spike from flag leaf. Both dditive and non-additive gene effects played an important role in controlling the seedlinggrowth vigor, grain-filling period, chlorophyll content, canopy temperature, grain length and grain yield, but the role of non-additive was superior the additivegene effects. The average degree of dominance were 1.02, 1.05, 1.32, 1.41, 1.39 and 1.62 for above mentioned traits, respectively, which showed the role of over-dominance gene action in their controles. The results of Hayman’s graphical analysis indicated that increasingseedling growth vigor, grain yield, grain length and canopy temperature by recessive alleles and chlorophyll content by dominant alleles were controlled. The role of non-additive and over-dominance gene action in controlling grain yield showed the possibility of using the heterosis to improve this important trait in new wheat varieties. The hybridsKouhdasht × (DAMARA-6 ICW99-0427-8AP-0AP-0AP-3AP-0AP) and Kouhdasht × (PASTOR/2*SITTA// PBW343*2/KUKUNA) due to the high heterosis and also the highest grain yield among the all studied genotypes in this research,it is recommended to use heterosis phenomenon for increasing grain yield in wheat breeding programs.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_2875_7b0d4e4671719f7e1508884c3c234bfe.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 3 2017 11 22 Molecular and biochemical evaluation of two bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) under oxidative stress Molecular and biochemical evaluation of two bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) under oxidative stress 357 367 2876 10.22124/c.2018.5178.1202 FA Saeid Navabpour Assoc.Prof., Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Crop Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources,Gorgan, Iran Abolfazl Mazandarani Ph. D. Student,Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Crop Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources,Gorgan, Iran Journal Article 2016 07 09 Metal stress is one of the serious problems that restrict crop production around the world. Metal stress causes phenotypic, enzymatic and gene expression changes in plants. Mainly, the harmful effect of metal stress is created by producing a large amount of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Although, high concentrations of ROS is deterioration but they can act as a signaling factor in fairly low concentrations.In this study, a factorial experiment was performed inthe form of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Experimentalfactors dinclude silver nitrate(AgNO3) in three levels (0, 1, 2 mM) as factor for oxidative stressand DABCO as antioxidant in three levels (0, 10, 20 Mm) was applied on ″Falat″ and ″Tajan″ cultivars of wheat. The evaluated traitsinclude chlorophylla and b, index of cellular oxidative levels(TBARM) and gene expressions amount of metallothionein and glucanase. Our results illustrate that high levels (2 mM) of silver nitrate treatment alone, decreased the chlorophyll a, b content, as well as the TBARM increases. Also,based on the results, under stress conditions the expression of metallothionein and glucanase genes firstly increased and then with increasing of silver nitrate level reduced their expression in both cultivars The highest and lowest expression of Metallothionein and Glucanasegenes was happen in 1 mM and 2 mM silvernitrate treatments respectively. By knowing the role of the studied genes in response to oxidative burst, mechanisem of heavy metal effect was anlyzed. In addition, using of these genes in molecular or classic breeding program well approved. Metal stress is one of the serious problems that restrict crop production around the world. Metal stress causes phenotypic, enzymatic and gene expression changes in plants. Mainly, the harmful effect of metal stress is created by producing a large amount of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Although, high concentrations of ROS is deterioration but they can act as a signaling factor in fairly low concentrations.In this study, a factorial experiment was performed inthe form of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Experimentalfactors dinclude silver nitrate(AgNO3) in three levels (0, 1, 2 mM) as factor for oxidative stressand DABCO as antioxidant in three levels (0, 10, 20 Mm) was applied on ″Falat″ and ″Tajan″ cultivars of wheat. The evaluated traitsinclude chlorophylla and b, index of cellular oxidative levels(TBARM) and gene expressions amount of metallothionein and glucanase. Our results illustrate that high levels (2 mM) of silver nitrate treatment alone, decreased the chlorophyll a, b content, as well as the TBARM increases. Also,based on the results, under stress conditions the expression of metallothionein and glucanase genes firstly increased and then with increasing of silver nitrate level reduced their expression in both cultivars The highest and lowest expression of Metallothionein and Glucanasegenes was happen in 1 mM and 2 mM silvernitrate treatments respectively. By knowing the role of the studied genes in response to oxidative burst, mechanisem of heavy metal effect was anlyzed. In addition, using of these genes in molecular or classic breeding program well approved.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_2876_366521effa0a4f8ad62f04a07046a187.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 3 2017 11 22 The use of carbon and phenol sources in the medium for optimal induction of virulence genes promoter in Agrobacterium tumefaciens The use of carbon and phenol sources in the medium for optimal induction of virulence genes promoter in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 369 379 2877 10.22124/c.2018.5138.1200 FA Mohammad Sadegh Taghizadeh Graduated M. Sc., Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Mohammad Mehdi Sohani Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Reza Shirzadian Khoramabad Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2016 07 05 The virulence genes (vir) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens induces by many factors such as specific plant phenolic metabolites and sugars. A number of these factors act synergistically with acetosyringone and causing high expression levels of vir genes. In present research, the induction of virB2 and virD2 gene promoters, were investigated in A348 (MX311) and A348 (MX243) Agrobacterium variants, respectively. The promoter sequences from these vir genes have been fused with a promoterless lacZ gene in a cassettes carrying Tn3. A three-day culture of Agrobacterium was performed, which was included a vegetative growth followed by an induction step. Sugar treatment of glucose, mannose and deoxymannose were used in combination with different concentrations of acetosyringone in the two biological and three technical replications. According to the results, the highest activity of β-galactosidase enzyme attained when the mannose of sugar was used in combination with 50 µM acetosyringone for bacterial strain carrying virB2::lacZ construct. The mannose of sugar treatment in combination with 100 µM acetosyringone treatment, for bacterial strain carrying virD2:: lacZ, induced the highest enzyme activity. The monosaccharides in order of descending vir::lacZ activity in the absence of acetosyringone: glucose > mannose > deoxymannose. According to our observations, we suggested that the mannose of sugar treatment with 100 µM acetosyringone could be utilized for obtaining strong induction of Agrobacterium vir genes in an induction medium. The virulence genes (vir) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens induces by many factors such as specific plant phenolic metabolites and sugars. A number of these factors act synergistically with acetosyringone and causing high expression levels of vir genes. In present research, the induction of virB2 and virD2 gene promoters, were investigated in A348 (MX311) and A348 (MX243) Agrobacterium variants, respectively. The promoter sequences from these vir genes have been fused with a promoterless lacZ gene in a cassettes carrying Tn3. A three-day culture of Agrobacterium was performed, which was included a vegetative growth followed by an induction step. Sugar treatment of glucose, mannose and deoxymannose were used in combination with different concentrations of acetosyringone in the two biological and three technical replications. According to the results, the highest activity of β-galactosidase enzyme attained when the mannose of sugar was used in combination with 50 µM acetosyringone for bacterial strain carrying virB2::lacZ construct. The mannose of sugar treatment in combination with 100 µM acetosyringone treatment, for bacterial strain carrying virD2:: lacZ, induced the highest enzyme activity. The monosaccharides in order of descending vir::lacZ activity in the absence of acetosyringone: glucose > mannose > deoxymannose. According to our observations, we suggested that the mannose of sugar treatment with 100 µM acetosyringone could be utilized for obtaining strong induction of Agrobacterium vir genes in an induction medium.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_2877_1bab9ee7d91c7bfbb12aeabd5ff502c3.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 3 2017 11 22 The effect of Mycorrhizae symbiosis, soil and foliar spray of Flomix on grain yield and some qualitative characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.) in weeds competition The effect of Mycorrhizae symbiosis, soil and foliar spray of Flomix on grain yield and some qualitative characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.) in weeds competition 381 398 2878 10.22124/c.2018.2740.1081 FA Hamid Abbasdokht Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran Ramin Jabbari M. Sc., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran Hassan Makarian Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran Ahmad Gholami Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran Journal Article 2015 10 19 To study the interaction between mycorrhizae symbiosis, soil and foliar spary of Flomix on yield and yield components of corn (Zea may L.), an experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Agriculture Research Staion of Shahrood University of Technology in 2014. The treatments included mycorrhizae symbiosis at two levels (non-application and application of mycorrhizae), foliar spray at three levels (non-application, once sprayed and twice sprayed) and soil spray at three levels (non-application, once soil application and twice soil application). The results showed that interaction between mycorrhizae symbiosis, foliar spray of Flomix indicate a significant effect on root colonization and grain P and increased this traits. Also root colonization and grain yield was affected by interaction between mycorrhizae symbiosis and soil spray of Flomix. Mean comparisons showed that Mycorrhizae application+ twice foliar spray of Flomix respectively increased root colonization and grain P from 37.22 percent and 1.83 ppm in non-application of mycorrhizae + non-spray of Flomix to 67.22 percent and 5.06 ppm. Also Mycorrhizae application + twice foliar spray of Flomix increased grain yield from 1144 Kg/ha in non-application of mycorrhizae + non-spray of Flomix to 2155 Kg/ha. To study the interaction between mycorrhizae symbiosis, soil and foliar spary of Flomix on yield and yield components of corn (Zea may L.), an experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Agriculture Research Staion of Shahrood University of Technology in 2014. The treatments included mycorrhizae symbiosis at two levels (non-application and application of mycorrhizae), foliar spray at three levels (non-application, once sprayed and twice sprayed) and soil spray at three levels (non-application, once soil application and twice soil application). The results showed that interaction between mycorrhizae symbiosis, foliar spray of Flomix indicate a significant effect on root colonization and grain P and increased this traits. Also root colonization and grain yield was affected by interaction between mycorrhizae symbiosis and soil spray of Flomix. Mean comparisons showed that Mycorrhizae application+ twice foliar spray of Flomix respectively increased root colonization and grain P from 37.22 percent and 1.83 ppm in non-application of mycorrhizae + non-spray of Flomix to 67.22 percent and 5.06 ppm. Also Mycorrhizae application + twice foliar spray of Flomix increased grain yield from 1144 Kg/ha in non-application of mycorrhizae + non-spray of Flomix to 2155 Kg/ha.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_2878_8ddca9e609ef31cdd0fefadfe0362b0b.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 3 2017 11 22 Assessing thegenetic diversity of two populations of barley under normal and drought stress conditions in seedlling stage using multivariate analyses Assessing thegenetic diversity of two populations of barley under normal and drought stress conditions in seedlling stage using multivariate analyses 399 420 2879 10.22124/c.2018.5379.1210 FA Arash Mohammadi Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Omid Sofalian Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources,University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Hossein Jafari Research Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Plant Protection Research, Zanjan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Zanjan, Iran Ali Asghari Assoc. Prof.,Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Farid Shekari Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran Journal Article 2016 07 31 To assess the genetic diversity of recombinant inbred lines of barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) under two non-stress and drought stress conditions in seedling stage, two populations,Vada×Susptrit (V×S) with 112 RILs and Cebada Capa×Susptrit (CC×S) with 89 RILs, were studied in completely randomized design with two replication in greenhouse. The traits studied were four physiological traits including leaf relative water content, leaf chlorophyll content, shoot dry weight and leaf temprature.Under drought stress conditions, leaf chlorophyll content also measured in three soil water conditions (%50, %30 and %20 field capasity). According to cluster analysis in both populations, V×S and CC×S, the genotypes were grouped in five and four clustersunder normal and drought stress conditions, respectively. Discrimnant function analysis powerfully confirmed the results of cluster analysis in two populations under both experimental conditions. In the population V×S, the first and second discriminant functions with eigen values significant and more than one justified %78.2 and %93.4 of the total variance under normal and drought stress conditions, respectively.In the population CC×S, the first and second functions with eigen values more than one also justified %78.8 and %90 of the total variationsunder non-stress and drought stress conditions, respectively. Additionally, grouping the studied lines in both populations under two conditions was investigated and confirmed by the Mahalanobis distance. The results of this study showed that discrimnant function analysis is a very usfull multivariate statistical method for evaluating and confirmingthe grouping of barley genotypes under normal and drought stress conditions. The results of current research also showed that there is ahigh and considerable variation in both populations under both conditions, so that these populations can be utilized for mapping quantitative trait loci related to drought tolerance in barley using molecular markers. To assess the genetic diversity of recombinant inbred lines of barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) under two non-stress and drought stress conditions in seedling stage, two populations,Vada×Susptrit (V×S) with 112 RILs and Cebada Capa×Susptrit (CC×S) with 89 RILs, were studied in completely randomized design with two replication in greenhouse. The traits studied were four physiological traits including leaf relative water content, leaf chlorophyll content, shoot dry weight and leaf temprature.Under drought stress conditions, leaf chlorophyll content also measured in three soil water conditions (%50, %30 and %20 field capasity). According to cluster analysis in both populations, V×S and CC×S, the genotypes were grouped in five and four clustersunder normal and drought stress conditions, respectively. Discrimnant function analysis powerfully confirmed the results of cluster analysis in two populations under both experimental conditions. In the population V×S, the first and second discriminant functions with eigen values significant and more than one justified %78.2 and %93.4 of the total variance under normal and drought stress conditions, respectively.In the population CC×S, the first and second functions with eigen values more than one also justified %78.8 and %90 of the total variationsunder non-stress and drought stress conditions, respectively. Additionally, grouping the studied lines in both populations under two conditions was investigated and confirmed by the Mahalanobis distance. The results of this study showed that discrimnant function analysis is a very usfull multivariate statistical method for evaluating and confirmingthe grouping of barley genotypes under normal and drought stress conditions. The results of current research also showed that there is ahigh and considerable variation in both populations under both conditions, so that these populations can be utilized for mapping quantitative trait loci related to drought tolerance in barley using molecular markers.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_2879_3666a87f66d15ff686e845831028e295.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 3 2017 11 22 Evaluation of relationship between the associated traits with callus induction of mature embryo and agronomic traits in different barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.) Evaluation of relationship between the associated traits with callus induction of mature embryo and agronomic traits in different barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.) 421 435 2880 10.22124/c.2018.4043.1152 FA Roghaye Naseri Former M.Sc. Student of Plant Breeding, Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus, Razi University, Kianoosh Cheghamirza Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus, Razi University Leila Zarei Assistant Professor, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus, Razi University, Elahe Saroei Former M.Sc. Student of Plant Breeding, Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus, Razi University, Journal Article 2016 02 23 Callus production via mature embryo culture provides the possibility to regenerate plant genotypes effectively under tissue culture conditions.Screening based on an agronomic trait is a procedure to predict the outcome of tissue culture which is very expensive and time consuming.The present research was carried out to investigate the response of 42 Iranian and European barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars to mature embryo cultureand to evaluate relationship between embryo culture traits with agronomic characters. The results showed that there were highly significant differences (P 0.01) among the genotypes for callus growth rate (CGR),callus primary diameter (CPD), relative water content of callus (RWC) and callus relative growth rate (CRGR) . The cultivars AFZAL and ASTARTIS had the highest amounts of callus growth rate and complete plantlet, therefore were identified as superior cultivars. Cluster analysis using Ward’s minimum variance divided the cultivars into four groups, so thatthe cultivars of fourth group had the highest amounts of callus growth rate, callus primary diameter and relative growth rate. The results ofcorrelation coefficientsof agronomic and embryo culture traits showed that callus primary diameter had significantcorrelation coeficients with callusgrowth rate, relative growth rate, flag leaf length and plant height. Path analysis revealed that days to heading, days to anthesis and flag leaf length had the highest positive direct effects on embryo culture traits, respectively. Comparison of the response of two types of explants (mature and immature embryos) to tissue culture indicated that the mature embryos with a lower response to tissue culture at the callus induction stage had a more appropriate and higher response atcallus regeneration stage. Callus production via mature embryo culture provides the possibility to regenerate plant genotypes effectively under tissue culture conditions.Screening based on an agronomic trait is a procedure to predict the outcome of tissue culture which is very expensive and time consuming.The present research was carried out to investigate the response of 42 Iranian and European barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars to mature embryo cultureand to evaluate relationship between embryo culture traits with agronomic characters. The results showed that there were highly significant differences (P 0.01) among the genotypes for callus growth rate (CGR),callus primary diameter (CPD), relative water content of callus (RWC) and callus relative growth rate (CRGR) . The cultivars AFZAL and ASTARTIS had the highest amounts of callus growth rate and complete plantlet, therefore were identified as superior cultivars. Cluster analysis using Ward’s minimum variance divided the cultivars into four groups, so thatthe cultivars of fourth group had the highest amounts of callus growth rate, callus primary diameter and relative growth rate. The results ofcorrelation coefficientsof agronomic and embryo culture traits showed that callus primary diameter had significantcorrelation coeficients with callusgrowth rate, relative growth rate, flag leaf length and plant height. Path analysis revealed that days to heading, days to anthesis and flag leaf length had the highest positive direct effects on embryo culture traits, respectively. Comparison of the response of two types of explants (mature and immature embryos) to tissue culture indicated that the mature embryos with a lower response to tissue culture at the callus induction stage had a more appropriate and higher response atcallus regeneration stage.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_2880_f3e47cbd5d0e3f1d452dbe876f630431.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 3 2017 11 22 Land suitability evaluation of Gonbad–e-Kavous township for rainfed barley cultivation using analytical hierarchy process Land suitability evaluation of Gonbad–e-Kavous township for rainfed barley cultivation using analytical hierarchy process 437 450 2881 10.22124/c.2018.3732.1135 FA Shiva Farhadian Azizi M.Sc. Student,Dept. of Agronomy,Faculty of Crop Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources,Gorgan, Iran Hossein Kazemi Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Afshin Soltani Prof.,Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Journal Article 2016 01 23 Toevaluate land suitability in Gonbad-e-Kavous township for rainfed barley cultivation, spatial analysis of geographic information system (GIS) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were used. For this purpose, firstly agroecological requirements of crop wasidentified according to scientific resources. Thematic requirement maps were then provided. Studied environmental variables were annual, autumn, spring and May precipitations, average, minimum and maximum temperatures, germination temperature, the maximum temperature in heading and grain filling stages, slope percent, elevation, slope aspect, OM, pH, and EC. Then, each layer was classified into four classes (high suitable, suitable, less suitable and non-suitable). The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of criteria by using the questionnaires analysis sheet. In this study, the results showed that about 35.79% and 24.10% of agricultural lands in Gonbad–e-Kavous township were located in the high suitable and suitable zones for rainfed barley, respectively. These regions were identified in the south of this township. In these zones, there are not limitation factors for barley cultivation according to precipitationand temperatures variables, slope percent, elevation and soil characteristics. In this evaluation, the less suitable (24.19%) and non-suitable (15.92%) regions were located in the central, north, and northeast of Gonbad–e-Kavous. In addition,these areas were faced by at least one limitation factors in environmental variable. Results showed that the limitation factors were including: non-suitable May and spring precipitations, low content of organic matter and high EC and slope percent>16. Toevaluate land suitability in Gonbad-e-Kavous township for rainfed barley cultivation, spatial analysis of geographic information system (GIS) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were used. For this purpose, firstly agroecological requirements of crop wasidentified according to scientific resources. Thematic requirement maps were then provided. Studied environmental variables were annual, autumn, spring and May precipitations, average, minimum and maximum temperatures, germination temperature, the maximum temperature in heading and grain filling stages, slope percent, elevation, slope aspect, OM, pH, and EC. Then, each layer was classified into four classes (high suitable, suitable, less suitable and non-suitable). The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of criteria by using the questionnaires analysis sheet. In this study, the results showed that about 35.79% and 24.10% of agricultural lands in Gonbad–e-Kavous township were located in the high suitable and suitable zones for rainfed barley, respectively. These regions were identified in the south of this township. In these zones, there are not limitation factors for barley cultivation according to precipitationand temperatures variables, slope percent, elevation and soil characteristics. In this evaluation, the less suitable (24.19%) and non-suitable (15.92%) regions were located in the central, north, and northeast of Gonbad–e-Kavous. In addition,these areas were faced by at least one limitation factors in environmental variable. Results showed that the limitation factors were including: non-suitable May and spring precipitations, low content of organic matter and high EC and slope percent>16.

https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_2881_6649fb3c18f9a1d917e8bc76cf08b1fa.pdf