University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 4 2018 02 20 Mapping QTLs related to rice roots and shoots traits in recombinant lines derived from Anbarboo × Sepidroud under drought stress conditions Mapping QTLs related to rice roots and shoots traits in recombinant lines derived from Anbarboo × Sepidroud under drought stress conditions 451 469 3051 10.22124/c.2018.3051 FA Hossein Sabouri Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Plant Production, College of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gonbad-e-Kavous University, Gonbad-e-Kavous, Iran Sharifeh Mohammad Alegh M. Sc. Student, Dept. of Plant Production, College of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gonbad-e-Kavous University, Gonbad-e-Kavous, Iran Abdollatif Gholizade Assist. Prof., Dept. of Plant Production, College of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gonbad-e-Kavous University, Gonbad-e-Kavous, Iran Jafar Gilaki B. Sc. Student, Dept. of Plant Production, College of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gonbad-e-Kavous University, Gonbad-e-Kavous, Iran Journal Article 2015 11 11 To identify the genomic regions associated with drought stress tolerance using QTL analysis, 96 F₈ lines derived from a cross between two varieties, Sepidroud and Anbarboo, were planted at a research field in Azadshahr region, Golestan Province, Iran, in 2011. To impose drought stress, irrigation interval was considered as 20 days from maximum tillering phase to maturity stage. The linkage map was constructed using 124 microsatellite markers and 264 AFLP markers at the laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Gonbad-e-Kavous University, Golestan, Iran, which covered 1950.4 cM of the rice genome with average distance of 5.20 cM between adjacent markers. In this study, regions of chromosome 2 at the interval of E070-M140-1-E070-M150-13, chromosome 4 at the interval of E060-M160-3-RM1359 and chromosome 9 at the interval of E120-M140-9-E090-M140-14 were identified that controlled several traits under drought stress conditions. Co-locating of the QTLs involved in control of traits can indicates same genetic controlling.  QTL mapping of traits indicated QTLs qRND-2a, qRND-4a, qRVD-2, qRVD-4a, qFRWD-2, qFRWD-4, qDWRD-2a, qSWD-2a, qSWD-4, qPWD-2, qPWD-4, qPND-2a, qPND-4 and qPSPD-9 had a large effect and more than 20% of the explanation of phenotypic variation, respectively. Considering that these genomic regions explained a significant part of phenotypic variation therefore those have potential for application in the breeding programs of Marker-assisted selection for drought tolerance after validation in other environments and populations. To identify the genomic regions associated with drought stress tolerance using QTL analysis, 96 F₈ lines derived from a cross between two varieties, Sepidroud and Anbarboo, were planted at a research field in Azadshahr region, Golestan Province, Iran, in 2011. To impose drought stress, irrigation interval was considered as 20 days from maximum tillering phase to maturity stage. The linkage map was constructed using 124 microsatellite markers and 264 AFLP markers at the laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Gonbad-e-Kavous University, Golestan, Iran, which covered 1950.4 cM of the rice genome with average distance of 5.20 cM between adjacent markers. In this study, regions of chromosome 2 at the interval of E070-M140-1-E070-M150-13, chromosome 4 at the interval of E060-M160-3-RM1359 and chromosome 9 at the interval of E120-M140-9-E090-M140-14 were identified that controlled several traits under drought stress conditions. Co-locating of the QTLs involved in control of traits can indicates same genetic controlling.  QTL mapping of traits indicated QTLs qRND-2a, qRND-4a, qRVD-2, qRVD-4a, qFRWD-2, qFRWD-4, qDWRD-2a, qSWD-2a, qSWD-4, qPWD-2, qPWD-4, qPND-2a, qPND-4 and qPSPD-9 had a large effect and more than 20% of the explanation of phenotypic variation, respectively. Considering that these genomic regions explained a significant part of phenotypic variation therefore those have potential for application in the breeding programs of Marker-assisted selection for drought tolerance after validation in other environments and populations. https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_3051_f4c783b902d50c7f60ce1291d9292621.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 4 2018 02 20 Effect of transplanting time on grain yield, yield components and remobilization of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in Roudbar region Effect of transplanting time on grain yield, yield components and remobilization of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in Roudbar region 471 483 3052 10.22124/c.2018.3052 FA Mohammad Hosein Nadimi Dafrazi Graduated M. Sc., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Masoud Esfahani Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Ali Aalami Assoc. Prof., Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2015 09 01 To evaluate the effect of transplanting time on grain yield and remobilization of dry matter of rice varieties, a field experiment carried out as split plot based on complete block design with three replications in Roudbar region, Guilan, Iran, in 2013. Three transplanting times (May 10 and 29 and June 17) were arranged in main plots and three rice varieties (Khazar, Gohar and Hashemi) in sub plots.‌ The results showed that transplanting times and varieties had significant effects on plant height, panicle length, stem length, panicle weight, number of tillers, number of filled grains, 1000 grain weight, test weight and grain yield. The interaction effect of transplanting time and variety were also significant on plant height, panicle length, stem length, number of tillers and grain yield. The results of mean comparisons showed that the highest remobilization rates of dry matter was related to the second transplanting time and Gohar variety (277 and 235 g.m^-2‌, respectively). ‌The results indicated that the‌ delay in transplanting time decreased remobilization rate, contribution and efficiency, so that the lowest values of these traits were observed at the third transplanting time (51%, 31% and 26%, respectively‌). ‌The highest grain yield was belonged to Gohar variety during the first and second transplanting times (7653 and 7340 kg.ha^-1, respectively) that may be due to the increasing 1000-grain weight, test weight and number of filled grains per panicle.‌ According to results of the experiment, the second transplanting time was the best appropriate time for the climatic conditions of the experimental region and the highest grain yield‌ in this time was belonged to the Gohar variety. To evaluate the effect of transplanting time on grain yield and remobilization of dry matter of rice varieties, a field experiment carried out as split plot based on complete block design with three replications in Roudbar region, Guilan, Iran, in 2013. Three transplanting times (May 10 and 29 and June 17) were arranged in main plots and three rice varieties (Khazar, Gohar and Hashemi) in sub plots.‌ The results showed that transplanting times and varieties had significant effects on plant height, panicle length, stem length, panicle weight, number of tillers, number of filled grains, 1000 grain weight, test weight and grain yield. The interaction effect of transplanting time and variety were also significant on plant height, panicle length, stem length, number of tillers and grain yield. The results of mean comparisons showed that the highest remobilization rates of dry matter was related to the second transplanting time and Gohar variety (277 and 235 g.m^-2‌, respectively). ‌The results indicated that the‌ delay in transplanting time decreased remobilization rate, contribution and efficiency, so that the lowest values of these traits were observed at the third transplanting time (51%, 31% and 26%, respectively‌). ‌The highest grain yield was belonged to Gohar variety during the first and second transplanting times (7653 and 7340 kg.ha^-1, respectively) that may be due to the increasing 1000-grain weight, test weight and number of filled grains per panicle.‌ According to results of the experiment, the second transplanting time was the best appropriate time for the climatic conditions of the experimental region and the highest grain yield‌ in this time was belonged to the Gohar variety. https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_3052_b495a79ce3d086d8e2df6cf7729b3661.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 4 2018 02 20 Documenting the process of local rice varieties production in two conventional and semi-mechanized planting methods in Mazandaran province Documenting the process of local rice varieties production in two conventional and semi-mechanized planting methods in Mazandaran province 485 502 3053 10.22124/c.2018.5903.1230 FA Salman Dastan Post-doctoral Researcher, Dept. of Genetic Engineering and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Karaj, Iran Afshin Soltani Prof., Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of PlantProduction, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Seyed Majid Alimagham Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of PlantProduction, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Journal Article 2016 10 12 Documenting the production process in agriculture includes providing all information and activities that shows the course of production from seedbed preparation stage to harvest stage. The aim of this research was to document the process of rice production in Mazandaran province. In this research, all management operations performed from seedbed preparation stage to harvest stage in 150 paddy fields managed by two conventional and semi-mechanized methods were recorded for all cities of Mazandaran province in 2014. The results showed that farming operations from primary sowing and nursery preparing to harvest in two planting methods was started from the seconddecade of March and continued to the first decade of August. Range of machinery (40 to 60 hours) and fuel consumption (95 to 130 lit.ha^-1) in the semi-mechanized method was more than the conventional method, but the use of labor and seed in the conventional method was higher than the semi-mechanized method. In both methods, about 92% of farmers used less than 50 kg.ha^-1P₂O₅fertilizer. About 50% of farmers in the conventional method consumedfrom 46 to 92 kg.ha^-1N fertilizer.The range of changes of the herbicide used in the conventional method was more than the semi-mechanized method. Average fungicide consumed in conventional and semi-mechanized methods was about 1 kg.ha^-1 a.i. (one kg active ingredient per ha). With biological control of pests in conventional and semi-mechanized methods, the use of pesticide was decreased 13.14 and 12.64%, respectively. Average paddy yield in conventional and semi-mechanized methods was about 4100 and 4400 kg.ha^-1, respectively, and paddy yield in the semi-mechanized method was more stable than the conventional method. Theresults of this research showed that semi-mechanized planting of rice resulted to decrease in consumption of 20 kg.ha^-1seed and about 65% of labor compared to conventional method and increased paddy yield with further mechanization.  Documenting the production process in agriculture includes providing all information and activities that shows the course of production from seedbed preparation stage to harvest stage. The aim of this research was to document the process of rice production in Mazandaran province. In this research, all management operations performed from seedbed preparation stage to harvest stage in 150 paddy fields managed by two conventional and semi-mechanized methods were recorded for all cities of Mazandaran province in 2014. The results showed that farming operations from primary sowing and nursery preparing to harvest in two planting methods was started from the seconddecade of March and continued to the first decade of August. Range of machinery (40 to 60 hours) and fuel consumption (95 to 130 lit.ha^-1) in the semi-mechanized method was more than the conventional method, but the use of labor and seed in the conventional method was higher than the semi-mechanized method. In both methods, about 92% of farmers used less than 50 kg.ha^-1P₂O₅fertilizer. About 50% of farmers in the conventional method consumedfrom 46 to 92 kg.ha^-1N fertilizer.The range of changes of the herbicide used in the conventional method was more than the semi-mechanized method. Average fungicide consumed in conventional and semi-mechanized methods was about 1 kg.ha^-1 a.i. (one kg active ingredient per ha). With biological control of pests in conventional and semi-mechanized methods, the use of pesticide was decreased 13.14 and 12.64%, respectively. Average paddy yield in conventional and semi-mechanized methods was about 4100 and 4400 kg.ha^-1, respectively, and paddy yield in the semi-mechanized method was more stable than the conventional method. Theresults of this research showed that semi-mechanized planting of rice resulted to decrease in consumption of 20 kg.ha^-1seed and about 65% of labor compared to conventional method and increased paddy yield with further mechanization.  https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_3053_509a434fc9b2ff1e16372fff01931530.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 4 2018 02 20 Evaluation of genetic diversity of Iranian bread wheat genotypes considering germination related traits under normal and osmotic stress Evaluation of genetic diversity of Iranian bread wheat genotypes considering germination related traits under normal and osmotic stress 503 518 3054 10.22124/c.2018.6833.1269 FA Hossein Ramshini Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran Tahere Mirzazadeh Graduated M. Sc., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran Mohsen Esmaeilzadeh Moghaddam Research Assoc. Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Fatemeh Amini Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran Reza Amiri Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran Journal Article 2017 02 05 Common wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) is an important crop in Iran and world which many new cultivars with improved agricultural traits are developed by plant breeders every year. In order to evaluate the genetic diversity of 30 bread wheat genotypes considering germination related traits under normal and osmotic stress released during 1930-2010 in Iran, an experiment was carried out as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The studied factors were 30 wheat genotypes and four drought stress conditions simulated by PEG (0, -2, -4 and -6 bar). The results showed that the old winter cultivar, Omid, had the highest biomass dry weight in both control and -6 bar drought stress conditions. According to the sensitivity index calculated based on biomass dry weight, the cultivars Sabalan, Zare and Tabasi were the most tolerant and Navid, Moghan-2 and Golestan were the most sensitive genotypes. In cluster analysis under -6 bar drought stress conditions, the genotypes Sabalan and Omid, away from the other genotypes, were grouped in a separate cluster. Comparison of the genetic variance between old released cultivars and new cultivars showed that the genetic variance has significantly decreased in new cultivars for shoot length, shoot dry weight and root to shoot dry weight ratio. This result indicated that the new cultivars had less variation than the old cultivars. Therefore, it is recommended that more diverse genetic resources be used in breeding programs to avoid genetic homogeneity. Common wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) is an important crop in Iran and world which many new cultivars with improved agricultural traits are developed by plant breeders every year. In order to evaluate the genetic diversity of 30 bread wheat genotypes considering germination related traits under normal and osmotic stress released during 1930-2010 in Iran, an experiment was carried out as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The studied factors were 30 wheat genotypes and four drought stress conditions simulated by PEG (0, -2, -4 and -6 bar). The results showed that the old winter cultivar, Omid, had the highest biomass dry weight in both control and -6 bar drought stress conditions. According to the sensitivity index calculated based on biomass dry weight, the cultivars Sabalan, Zare and Tabasi were the most tolerant and Navid, Moghan-2 and Golestan were the most sensitive genotypes. In cluster analysis under -6 bar drought stress conditions, the genotypes Sabalan and Omid, away from the other genotypes, were grouped in a separate cluster. Comparison of the genetic variance between old released cultivars and new cultivars showed that the genetic variance has significantly decreased in new cultivars for shoot length, shoot dry weight and root to shoot dry weight ratio. This result indicated that the new cultivars had less variation than the old cultivars. Therefore, it is recommended that more diverse genetic resources be used in breeding programs to avoid genetic homogeneity. https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_3054_2eacff103f84542e0755115244e823a2.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 4 2018 02 20 QTL analysis of some physiological and biochemical traits associated with grain yield in wheat under terminal heat stress QTL analysis of some physiological and biochemical traits associated with grain yield in wheat under terminal heat stress 519 531 3055 10.22124/c.2018.7048.1282 FA Faramarz Sohrabi Chah-Hassan Graduated Ph. D., Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran (current adderess: Dept. of Agriculture, Payam-e-Noor University, Tehran, Iran) Mahmood Solouki Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Baratali Fakheri Prof., Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Nafiseh Mehdinejad Assist. Prof., Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran 0000-0002-0582-9227 Journal Article 2017 03 05 To identify the genomic regionswith main, epistatic, and QTL×environment (Q×E) interaction effects for some of the physiological and biochemical traits of wheat, an experiment was conductedat Research Farm of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Sistan, Iran, in 2015-16 growing season. The experiment was carried outusing two alpha lattice designs with two replications under non-stress and terminal heat stress conditions.Plant materials were 167 recombinant inbred lines andtheir parents (‘SeriM82’and ‘Babax’) andsix traits including grain yield (GY), proline content(PRO), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), maximum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), cytoplasmic membrane stability (CMS) and chlorophyll content (CHL) were measured. QTL analysis was conducted by Mixed-Model basedcomposite interval mapping (MCIM) method. There were significant differences among the genotypes for all studied traits and transgressive segregations in both directions were also observed. Using mixed linear model,a total of 23 main-effect QTLs were detected. The Q×E interaction was significant in five main-effect QTLs and two epistatic QTLs were also detectedfor studied traits. The most of mapped QTLsappear to be quite stable. Therefore, can be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) in order to produce high-performance and heat tolerant wheat genotypes. To identify the genomic regionswith main, epistatic, and QTL×environment (Q×E) interaction effects for some of the physiological and biochemical traits of wheat, an experiment was conductedat Research Farm of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Sistan, Iran, in 2015-16 growing season. The experiment was carried outusing two alpha lattice designs with two replications under non-stress and terminal heat stress conditions.Plant materials were 167 recombinant inbred lines andtheir parents (‘SeriM82’and ‘Babax’) andsix traits including grain yield (GY), proline content(PRO), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), maximum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), cytoplasmic membrane stability (CMS) and chlorophyll content (CHL) were measured. QTL analysis was conducted by Mixed-Model basedcomposite interval mapping (MCIM) method. There were significant differences among the genotypes for all studied traits and transgressive segregations in both directions were also observed. Using mixed linear model,a total of 23 main-effect QTLs were detected. The Q×E interaction was significant in five main-effect QTLs and two epistatic QTLs were also detectedfor studied traits. The most of mapped QTLsappear to be quite stable. Therefore, can be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) in order to produce high-performance and heat tolerant wheat genotypes. https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_3055_1fbcaa389ce89cb150d4b2a311bb64c1.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 4 2018 02 20 Assessment of agro-morphological diversity existing in some of Aegilops species Assessment of agro-morphological diversity existing in some of Aegilops species 533 549 3056 10.22124/c.2018.5267.1206 FA Ali Reza Pour-Aboughadareh Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran Jafar Ahmadi Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran Ali Ashraf Mehrabi Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran Alireza Etminan Assist. Prof., Dept. of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran Mohammad Moghaddam Prof., Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2016 07 20 The genus of <em>Aegilops</em> is an important wild relative of common wheat, and the species in this genus have a key role in hexaploid wheat evolution and they are the donor of D and B genomes, directly and indirectly. To assess the agro-morphological variation in Iranian <em>Aegilops</em> species, 109 accessions belonging to 8 species collected from different areas of Iran were evaluated. Statistical parameters for traits were calculated and Shannon’s index and phenotypic coefficient of variance were used to estimate genetic diversity. The results of descriptive statistics showed a considerable variation between and within different species. The highest value of the coefficient of variance was observed for grain yield, harvest index, plant height, number of fertile tillers, leaf width, leaf length and biomass, respectively. In addition, the highest Shannon’s index was belonged to main spike length, leaf width, number of spikelets per spike and number of grain per spike, respectively. Correlation coefficients between grain yield and other characteristics in the studied species was different and related to their genomic structure. Principal component analysis identified three components that explained 79.95% of the total variation of measured traits. Dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis revealed that phonological and agro-morphological traits could be distinguished different species from each other. In total, the results of this research revealed that there is a high level of genetic diversity in different species of Iranian <em>Aegilops</em> and therefore special attention to this germplasm is necessary. The genus of <em>Aegilops</em> is an important wild relative of common wheat, and the species in this genus have a key role in hexaploid wheat evolution and they are the donor of D and B genomes, directly and indirectly. To assess the agro-morphological variation in Iranian <em>Aegilops</em> species, 109 accessions belonging to 8 species collected from different areas of Iran were evaluated. Statistical parameters for traits were calculated and Shannon’s index and phenotypic coefficient of variance were used to estimate genetic diversity. The results of descriptive statistics showed a considerable variation between and within different species. The highest value of the coefficient of variance was observed for grain yield, harvest index, plant height, number of fertile tillers, leaf width, leaf length and biomass, respectively. In addition, the highest Shannon’s index was belonged to main spike length, leaf width, number of spikelets per spike and number of grain per spike, respectively. Correlation coefficients between grain yield and other characteristics in the studied species was different and related to their genomic structure. Principal component analysis identified three components that explained 79.95% of the total variation of measured traits. Dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis revealed that phonological and agro-morphological traits could be distinguished different species from each other. In total, the results of this research revealed that there is a high level of genetic diversity in different species of Iranian <em>Aegilops</em> and therefore special attention to this germplasm is necessary. https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_3056_f6f7210209019c8432a5b379f57ee603.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 4 2018 02 20 Response of yield and physiology of sweet corn to coated urea fertilizer under different levels of irrigation Response of yield and physiology of sweet corn to coated urea fertilizer under different levels of irrigation 551 562 3057 10.22124/c.2018.6387.1246 FA Nasrin Farid Ph.D.Student, Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Natural Resources Science University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran Seyed Ataollah Siadat Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and GeneticEngineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Natural Resources Science University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran Mohammad Reza Ghalamboran Assist. Prof., Dept. of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology Sicences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and GeneticEngineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Natural Resources Science University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 2016 12 20 To investigate the effect of biopolymer coated urea fertilizer on physiological traits related to yield of sweet corn under deficit irrigation, an experiment was carried out in strip split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Agriculture and Natural Resources Science University of Khuzestan, Iran, in 2016. Irrigationin three levels (100, 80 and 60% water requirement) in length of blocks and urea fertilizer in six levels (without fertilizer as check treatment, pure urea, sulfur-coated urea, starch-coated urea, agar-coated urea and chitin-coated urea) in vertical strips to irrigation in each block were used. The results showed that the effect of irrigation and type of coated nitrogen fertilizer on leaf relative humidity, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, leaf area index, leaf rolling, ear yield, and interaction of irrigation × fertilizer on chlorophylla and b and grain yield per hectare was significant. The application of coated urea fertilizer increased 29.41, 15.06, 24.88, 34.11 and 14.88 percent on average in leaf area index, relative water content, leaf rolling, ear yield per hectare and fresh forage yield per hectare, respectively, compared to pure urea fertilizer. Also, the highest values of chlorophyll a and b and grain yield per ha were obtained from chitin coated urea fertilizer together with full irrigation (100% water requirement) and their lowest values were from the check fertilizer (without urea)with 60% water requirement. The reduction of 40% in irrigation decreased 15.89%, 31.02%, 42.85% and 40.33% in relative water content, leaf area index, leaf rolling and ear yeild per hectar, respectively, compared to full irrigation. The highest economic ear yield with average of 10238.6 kg/ha and 9853.3 kg/hawas obtained from full irrigation and chitin coated urea,respectively, and the lowest ear yieldwas obtained from 60% water requirement with check fertilizer treatment. To investigate the effect of biopolymer coated urea fertilizer on physiological traits related to yield of sweet corn under deficit irrigation, an experiment was carried out in strip split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Agriculture and Natural Resources Science University of Khuzestan, Iran, in 2016. Irrigationin three levels (100, 80 and 60% water requirement) in length of blocks and urea fertilizer in six levels (without fertilizer as check treatment, pure urea, sulfur-coated urea, starch-coated urea, agar-coated urea and chitin-coated urea) in vertical strips to irrigation in each block were used. The results showed that the effect of irrigation and type of coated nitrogen fertilizer on leaf relative humidity, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, leaf area index, leaf rolling, ear yield, and interaction of irrigation × fertilizer on chlorophylla and b and grain yield per hectare was significant. The application of coated urea fertilizer increased 29.41, 15.06, 24.88, 34.11 and 14.88 percent on average in leaf area index, relative water content, leaf rolling, ear yield per hectare and fresh forage yield per hectare, respectively, compared to pure urea fertilizer. Also, the highest values of chlorophyll a and b and grain yield per ha were obtained from chitin coated urea fertilizer together with full irrigation (100% water requirement) and their lowest values were from the check fertilizer (without urea)with 60% water requirement. The reduction of 40% in irrigation decreased 15.89%, 31.02%, 42.85% and 40.33% in relative water content, leaf area index, leaf rolling and ear yeild per hectar, respectively, compared to full irrigation. The highest economic ear yield with average of 10238.6 kg/ha and 9853.3 kg/hawas obtained from full irrigation and chitin coated urea,respectively, and the lowest ear yieldwas obtained from 60% water requirement with check fertilizer treatment. https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_3057_f6832da571b91d70e187b533ec94ef7d.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 4 2018 02 20 The mitigation of climate change effect on maize grain yield by changing of planting date in Moghan The mitigation of climate change effect on maize grain yield by changing of planting date in Moghan 563 578 3058 10.22124/c.2018.5574.1216 FA Mohammadreza Shiri Research Assist. Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2016 08 24 Appropriate planning and making strategies to increase crop adaptation to possible future climate change requires a good understanding of the trend of climate factors and response of the crops to climate changes. Therefore, this study was conducted tosimulate the climate change effects on phenological stages and grainyield of maize hybrid SC 647 and to explore the possibility of employing planting dates asmitigating options to decrease the climate change impacts on maize production in Moghan region, Ardabil, Iran. LARS-WG model wasused to simulate the climatic parameters as one stochastic growing season under two types of General Circulation Models ((UnitedKingdom Met. Office Hadley Center: HadCM3) and (Institute Pierre Simon Laplace: IPCM4)) and three scenarios (A1B, A2 and B1) for three periods including 2025, 2055 and 2085. Aqua crop model was used to simulate maize growth. The results of modelevaluation showed that LARS-WG had appropriate prediction for climatic parameters and simulation of stochastic growing season in future climate change conditions. The simulation of phenological stages by AquaCrop model showed that the period from planting to emergence and flowering, grain filling period and maturity were reduced in majority of scenarios under climatechange. The results indicated that the grain yield of maize may be reduced 4.4% to 30% as affected by climate change based on common planting date in baseline. In order to reduce the negative impact of climate change, the strategy of changing planting date was used. The results of simulation showed that earlier planting date near 15 April (earlier than the current planting date, the second ten days of May) caused higher yield compared with other planting dates (30 April and 31 March) in 2025. In 2055 and 2085, However, the planting date of 31 March and 15 April in terms of climate change will be more appropriate. It seems thatmanagement of planting dates can be regarded as appropriate approach to reduce adverse effects of climate change on the grain yield of maize. Appropriate planning and making strategies to increase crop adaptation to possible future climate change requires a good understanding of the trend of climate factors and response of the crops to climate changes. Therefore, this study was conducted tosimulate the climate change effects on phenological stages and grainyield of maize hybrid SC 647 and to explore the possibility of employing planting dates asmitigating options to decrease the climate change impacts on maize production in Moghan region, Ardabil, Iran. LARS-WG model wasused to simulate the climatic parameters as one stochastic growing season under two types of General Circulation Models ((UnitedKingdom Met. Office Hadley Center: HadCM3) and (Institute Pierre Simon Laplace: IPCM4)) and three scenarios (A1B, A2 and B1) for three periods including 2025, 2055 and 2085. Aqua crop model was used to simulate maize growth. The results of modelevaluation showed that LARS-WG had appropriate prediction for climatic parameters and simulation of stochastic growing season in future climate change conditions. The simulation of phenological stages by AquaCrop model showed that the period from planting to emergence and flowering, grain filling period and maturity were reduced in majority of scenarios under climatechange. The results indicated that the grain yield of maize may be reduced 4.4% to 30% as affected by climate change based on common planting date in baseline. In order to reduce the negative impact of climate change, the strategy of changing planting date was used. The results of simulation showed that earlier planting date near 15 April (earlier than the current planting date, the second ten days of May) caused higher yield compared with other planting dates (30 April and 31 March) in 2025. In 2055 and 2085, However, the planting date of 31 March and 15 April in terms of climate change will be more appropriate. It seems thatmanagement of planting dates can be regarded as appropriate approach to reduce adverse effects of climate change on the grain yield of maize. https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_3058_8743e9fa3d1ddf849eecde374b60f07b.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 4 2018 02 20 Responses of germination, early growth and phenology of barley to salicylic acid under salinity stress conditions Responses of germination, early growth and phenology of barley to salicylic acid under salinity stress conditions 579 590 3059 10.22124/c.2018.4278.1166 FA Seyedeh Elahe Hashemi FormerM. Sc. Student, Dept. of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Yahya Emam Prof., Dept. of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh Research Assist. Prof., National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran Journal Article 2016 04 02 In this research, the effect of concentration and time of seed priming with salicylic acid on germination and early growth and it’s application methods under salinity stress conditions on phenology characteristics of barley, variety Reyhan, was studied in two separate experiments. The effect of concentration (in five levels, control, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 mM) and time (in three levels, 6, 12 and 24 h) of seed priming by salicylic acid (SA) in the first experiment and different application methods of SA (no application, priming and spraying at the stages of establishment, double ridges and anthesis) under different salinity conditions (no stress and salinity of 6 and 12 dS.m^-1)in the second experiment was evaluated. Both experiments were conducted as completely randomized design with four replications at College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran, in 2014. The results of the first experiment showed that SA-priming with 1.5 mM for 12 h had the highest positive effect on germination and early growth, which was selected for the second experiment. The results of the second experiment showed that salinity stress of 6 dS.m^-1 reduced the planting to anthesis period as well as planting to physiological ripening and 12 dS.m^-1salinity stress also reduced the planting to booting, planting to anthesis and planting to physiological ripeningperiods. Seed priming with SA prolonged the growth periods, whereas the delay in SA application decreased its positive effect. Foliar application at establishment increased planting to booting, planting to anthesis as well as planting to physiological ripening periods,however foliar application at anthesis had no significant effect on phenology of barley plants. In total, seed priming or foliar application at establishment at early growth stages ameliorated the acceleration of the developmental stages due to salinity stress and early application of SA was found to be more important with increasing salinity stress. In this research, the effect of concentration and time of seed priming with salicylic acid on germination and early growth and it’s application methods under salinity stress conditions on phenology characteristics of barley, variety Reyhan, was studied in two separate experiments. The effect of concentration (in five levels, control, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 mM) and time (in three levels, 6, 12 and 24 h) of seed priming by salicylic acid (SA) in the first experiment and different application methods of SA (no application, priming and spraying at the stages of establishment, double ridges and anthesis) under different salinity conditions (no stress and salinity of 6 and 12 dS.m^-1)in the second experiment was evaluated. Both experiments were conducted as completely randomized design with four replications at College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran, in 2014. The results of the first experiment showed that SA-priming with 1.5 mM for 12 h had the highest positive effect on germination and early growth, which was selected for the second experiment. The results of the second experiment showed that salinity stress of 6 dS.m^-1 reduced the planting to anthesis period as well as planting to physiological ripening and 12 dS.m^-1salinity stress also reduced the planting to booting, planting to anthesis and planting to physiological ripeningperiods. Seed priming with SA prolonged the growth periods, whereas the delay in SA application decreased its positive effect. Foliar application at establishment increased planting to booting, planting to anthesis as well as planting to physiological ripening periods,however foliar application at anthesis had no significant effect on phenology of barley plants. In total, seed priming or foliar application at establishment at early growth stages ameliorated the acceleration of the developmental stages due to salinity stress and early application of SA was found to be more important with increasing salinity stress. https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_3059_6bf55d3805c94eef5555d3b8cd8fd9aa.pdf

University of Guilan Cereal Research 2252-0163 7 4 2018 02 20 Effect of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars under different irrigation regimes Effect of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars under different irrigation regimes 591 603 3060 10.22124/c.2018.6799.1265 FA Amin Ahmadizadeh M. Sc. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran Gholamreza Khajoei-Nejad Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran Roohollah Abdoshahi Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran Journal Article 2017 01 29 To evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on morphological characteristics and yield of sorghum under drought stress, an experiment was conducted as split plot-factorial in randomize complete block design with three replications. Irrigation in three levels based on evaporation of40, 80 and 110 mm from the evaporation pan were considered as main plots and combinations of salicylic acid concentrations (0, 1, 2 mM) and sorghum cultivars (Speedfeed and Pegah) were considered as factorial in sub plots. The results showed that the effect of drought stress and SA were significant for all studied traits except for harvest index. The interaction of irrigation×SA was significant for grain yield and number of leaf as well as the interaction of irrigation×cultivar was significant for number of leaf. Also, significant differences were observed between sorghum cultivars for all studied traitsand Speedfeed cultivar had better performance compared with Pegah.Severe drought stress reduced plant height, leaf number, fresh forage yield, dry forage yield, seed weight, chlorophyll, grain yield and biological yield about 41.5, 37.7, 33.1, 26.0, 53.7, 33.7 and 32.5 percent, respectively,compared to control treatment. The results showed that application of 2 mM SA had the greatest impact on evaluated traits, so thatapplication of 2 mM SA caused an increasing of 15.0, 8.1, 8.2, 16.7, 15.3, 9.3 and 19.8 percent in plant height, fresh forage yield, dry forage yield, chlorophyll content (SPAD), 1000-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield, respectively,compared to the control. Also, foliar application ofSA has an effective role (37 %) in reducing drought stress damages on yield of sorghum cultivars, so that application of 2 mM SA under severe drought stress conditions reduced the effect of drought stress on grain yield about 37 percent. Therefore, foliar application of SA is recommended under water deficit conditions. To evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on morphological characteristics and yield of sorghum under drought stress, an experiment was conducted as split plot-factorial in randomize complete block design with three replications. Irrigation in three levels based on evaporation of40, 80 and 110 mm from the evaporation pan were considered as main plots and combinations of salicylic acid concentrations (0, 1, 2 mM) and sorghum cultivars (Speedfeed and Pegah) were considered as factorial in sub plots. The results showed that the effect of drought stress and SA were significant for all studied traits except for harvest index. The interaction of irrigation×SA was significant for grain yield and number of leaf as well as the interaction of irrigation×cultivar was significant for number of leaf. Also, significant differences were observed between sorghum cultivars for all studied traitsand Speedfeed cultivar had better performance compared with Pegah.Severe drought stress reduced plant height, leaf number, fresh forage yield, dry forage yield, seed weight, chlorophyll, grain yield and biological yield about 41.5, 37.7, 33.1, 26.0, 53.7, 33.7 and 32.5 percent, respectively,compared to control treatment. The results showed that application of 2 mM SA had the greatest impact on evaluated traits, so thatapplication of 2 mM SA caused an increasing of 15.0, 8.1, 8.2, 16.7, 15.3, 9.3 and 19.8 percent in plant height, fresh forage yield, dry forage yield, chlorophyll content (SPAD), 1000-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield, respectively,compared to the control. Also, foliar application ofSA has an effective role (37 %) in reducing drought stress damages on yield of sorghum cultivars, so that application of 2 mM SA under severe drought stress conditions reduced the effect of drought stress on grain yield about 37 percent. Therefore, foliar application of SA is recommended under water deficit conditions. https://cr.guilan.ac.ir/article_3060_6fe3a9e3c20a619f56ca6483a3f56507.pdf