ارزیابی تنوع ژنوتیپ های گندم نان و دوروم بر اساس خصوصیات زراعی و برخی از صفات مرفولوژیک در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی آخر فصل

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

2 دانشجوی دکتری گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

4 دانش آموخته کارشناسی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی و اثر تنش خشکی آخر فصل بر عملکرد دانه و برخی از صفات مرفولوژیک گندم، مطالعه­ای با 56 ژنوتیپ گندم در سال زراعی 90-1389 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه در قالب طرح لاتیس مستطیل با سه تکرار در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی آخر فصل انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس مرکب نشان داد که اختلاف معنی­داری بین ژنوتیپ­های مورد آزمایش از لحاظ صفات عملکرد دانه، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد سنبله، بیوماس، شاخص برداشت و ارتفاع گیاه در سطح احتمال یک درصد وجود داشت. در اثر تنش خشکی انتهای فصل، به طور متوسط عملکرد سنبله 5/34 درصد، بیوماس 30 درصد، عملکرد دانه 2/27 درصد، تعداد دانه در سنبله 6/21 درصد، وزن هزار دانه 9/15 درصد، شاخص برداشت 13/6 درصد، ارتفاع گیاه 64/5 درصد، طول سنبله 37/1 درصد و وزن پدانکل 15/0 درصد کاهش، ولی طول پدانکل و طول میانگره ماقبل آخر به ترتیب 47/1 و 20/0 درصد افزایش یافت. در هر دو شرایط نرمال و تنش خشکی، بین عملکرد دانه با طول میانگره ماقبل آخر و نیز بین بیوماس با شاخص برداشت، همبستگی منفی و بسیار معنی­داری مشاهده شد، در حالی که همبستگی بین تعداد دانه در سنبله با شاخص برداشت و ارتفاع گیاه با طول سنبله مثبت و بسیار معنی­دار بود. تحلیل همبستگی بین عملکرد دانه در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی آخر فصل با شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی نشان داد که شاخص‌های STI، MP و GMP مناسب­ترین شاخص­ها جهت شناسایی ژنوتیپ­های پرمحصول در هر دو شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی بودند. بر این اساس، ژنوتیپ­های مغان 1، نوید، گلستان، داراب 2 و مرودشت دارای بیشترین عملکرد دانه در هر دو شرایط آزمایشی بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of genetic diversity of bread and durum wheat genotypes based on agronomy traits and some morphological traits in non-stress and terminal drought stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Saeidi 1
  • Majid Abdoli 2
  • Mehdi Shafiei-Abnavi 3
  • Mahrokh Mohammadi 4
  • Zahra Eskandari-Ghaleh 4
1 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran
3 M. Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
4 B. Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the genetic diversity and the effect of terminal drought stress on grain yield and some morphological traits of wheat, an experiment was conducted using 56 wheat genotypes in a latis (7×8) with three replications under normal and terminal drought stress conditions in research farm of the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran, in 2010-2011 cropping season. The result of combined analysis of variance indicated high significant differences among genotypes for all studied traits including grain yield, number of grain per spike, 1000-grain weight, spike yield, biomass, harvest index and plant height. Terminal drought stress reduced 34.5% of spike yield, 30% of biomass, 27.2% of grain yield, 21.6% of number of grains per spike, 15.9% of 1000-grain weight, 6.13% of harvest index, 5.64% of plant height and 0.15% of peduncle weight, but it increased 1.47% and 0.20% of peduncle and penultimate internode length, respectively. There were high negative significant correlation between grain yield and penultimate internode length and also between biomass and harvest index under both non-stress and drougth stress conditions, whereas correlation between number of grain per spike and harvest index and between plant height and spike length was highly positive significant. The correlation analysis among grain yield under non-stress and terminal drought stress conditions with different drought tolerance indices showed that stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) indices were appropriate indicators to identify the high grain yield genotypes. On the basis of these indicators, Moghan-1, Navid, Golestan, Darab-2 and Marvdasht genotypes had the highest grain yield under both experimental conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought tolerance indices
  • Genetic diversity
  • Grain yield
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