تاثیر تنظیم کننده های رشد سیتوکینین و اکسین بر برخی صفات ذرت دانه ای تحت الگو‌های مختلف کاشت در شرایط شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران؛ مدرس، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران

2 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

بخش وسیعی از اراضی زیر کشت ذرت تحت تاثیر درجات مختلفی از شوری قرار دارند. جهت بررسی اثر زمان محلول‌پاشی تنظیم کننده­های سیتوکینین و اکسین بر برخی صفات ذرت دانه‌ای (سینگل‌کراس 704) تحت الگو‌های مختلفکاشت در شرایط شوری، آزمایشی به صورت کرت­های خردشده- فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی بوشهر در سال 1392 اجرا شد .الگوی کاشت (یک­ردیفه، دو ردیفه و کف­فارو) به­عنوان عامل اصلی و زمان محلول‌پاشی سیتوکینین (عدم مصرف، مرحله V5-V6 و V8-V10) و اکسین (عدم مصرف، زمان ظهور ابریشم و دو هفته بعد) به ترتیب با غلظت 50 و 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر به صورت فاکتوریل به­عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. بیشترین تعداد برگ، LAI، عدد سبزینگی، Fm و Fv/Fm از کاشت کف­فارو به­دست آمد. الگوهای کاشت دو ردیفه و کف­فارو عملکرد دانه را به­ترتیب 9/24 و 8/45 درصد افزایش دادند. مصرف سیتوکینین در مرحله V8-V10، LAI، RWC، عدد سبزینگی و Fv/Fm را افزایش داد. کمترین Fm با مصرف سیتوکینین در مرحله V8-V10 و بیشترین عدد سبزینگی و Fv/Fm و کمترین Fm با کاربرد اکسین در زمان ظهور ابریشم به­دست آمد. مصرف اکسین در زمان ظهور ابریشم منجر به افزایش عملکرد دانه به میزان 7/19 درصد شد. از آنجا که بیشترین عملکرد دانه همراه با بیشترین عدد سبزینگی و Fv/Fm با کاشت کف­فارو با مصرف سیتوکینین در مرحله V8-V10 و مصرف اکسین در زمان ظهور ابریشم به­دست آمد، احتمالاً زمان مصرف و تعادل بین تنظیم کننده­ها همراه با الگوی صحیح کاشت، می­توانند از عوامل موثر بر تحمل ذرت به شوری باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of cytokinin and auxin regulators on some characteristics of grain maize under different planting patterns in salinity conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Davood Davani 1
  • Majid Nabipoor 2
  • Habibollah Roshanfekr Dezfoli 3
1 Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran; Lecturer, Bushehr Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Crnter, Bushehr, Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

A large part of lands under maize cultivation have various degrees of salinity. To study the effects of spraying time of cytokinin and auxin regulators on some characteristics of grain maize (SC704) under different planting patterns in salinity conditions, an experiment was carried out as split plot-factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications in Bushehr Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, in 2013. Planting pattern (ridge planting, double rows and furrow planting) was considered as the main factor and spraying time of cytokinin (control, V5-V6 and V8-V10 stages) and auxin (control, silking and two weeks later) with 50 and 10 mg.L-1, respectively, in factorial as the sub-factor. The results showed that planting pattern had the highest number of leaves, LAI, SPAD, Fm, Fv/Fm and grain yield. Double rows and furrow planting increased grain yield to 24.9% and 45.8%, respectively. Cytokinin application in V8-V10 stage increased LAI, RWC, SPAD, Fm and Fv/Fm. The lowest Fm was observed with cytokinin application in the V8-V10 stage and the highest SPAD and Fv/Fm and the lowest Fm were obtained with application of auxin in the silking stage. Application of auxin in silking stage increased grain yield (19.7%). Since the highest SPAD and Fv/Fm were produced under furrow planting with cytokinin application in V8-V10 stage and auxin in silking stage, where the highest grain yield was obtained, the spraying time together with balancing regulators under the correct planting pattern can be main factors in salinity tolerance of corn.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fluorescence
  • Furrow planting
  • Growth stage
  • Silking stage
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