اثر زمان نشاکاری بر جذب و کارایی مصرف تابش در ارقام برنج (Oryza sativa L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

4 استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، معاونت آمل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، آمل، ایران

5 دانشیار، گروه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

شکل‌گیری عملکرد دانه به عواملی مانند میزان انرژی تابشی در دسترس و ویژگی‌های ژنتیکی گیاه مانند میزان جذب تابش، کارایی تبدیل تابش جذب­شده به زیست‌توده و سهم زیست‌توده در عملکرد دانه بستگی دارد. در راستای تغییر اقلیم،
به­منظور بررسی تاثیرپذیری این ویژگی­ها از عوامل و شرایط محیطی، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز ترویج و توسعه تکنولوژی هراز در بهار سال‌های 1392 و 1393 اجرا و جهت مواجه شدن ارقام برنج با شرایط محیطی مختلف از سه زمان نشاکاری استفاده شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل شش رقم برنج (صمدی، هاشمی، طارم، شیرودی، کشوری و گوهر) و سه زمان نشاکاری (15 اردیبهشت، 30 اردیبهشت و 20 خرداد) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که ارقام برنج از نظر عملکرد دانه، زیست‌توده، شاخص سطح برگ در مرحله 50 درصد گلدهی و 20 روز پس از گلدهی، شاخص برداشت، تابش فعال فتوسنتزی (PAR) جذبی تجمعی، درصد تابش فعال فتوسنتزی جذبی و کارایی مصرف تابش، سرعت و مدت پر شدن دانه و تعداد خوشه در واحد سطح اختلاف معنی‌داری داشتند. کلیه ویژگی‌های گیاهی مورد مطالعه به غیر از کارایی مصرف تابش در زمان‌های مختلف نشاکاری دارای اختلاف معنی‌داری بودند. بیش­ترین عملکرد دانه، زیست‌توده، شاخص برداشت، PAR  دریافتی تجمعی، PAR  جذبی تجمعی، مدت پر شدن دانه و طول دوره رشد در زمان نشاکاری اول (به­ترتیب 7204 کیلوگرم در هکتار، 17229 کیلوگرم در هکتار، 9/41 درصد، 1050 مگاژول در مترمربع، 827 مگاژول در مترمربع، 6/20 روز و 105 روز) و کم­ترین مقدار آن­ها در زمان نشاکاری سوم حاصل شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تغییر در زمان نشاکاری ارقام برنج باعث تغییر میانگین دما طی دوره رشد، تغییر میزان تابش دریافتی تجمعی و به تبع آن تغییر تابش جذبی تجمعی شد، اما اثر معنی‌داری بر کارایی مصرف تابش نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of transplanting date on radiation interception and radiation use efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hatam Hatami 1
  • Gholamreza Mohsenabadi 2
  • Masoud Esfahani 3
  • Bahman Amiri larijani 4
  • Ali Aalami 5
1 Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
4 Research Assist. Prof., Rice Research Institute of Iran, Mazandaran Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Amol, Iran
5 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

The formation of grain yield depends on fators such as available radiation and the genetic  characteristics of plant like radiation interception rate, radiation use efficiency and biomass contribution. In regard to climatic changes, for studying the effect of environmental conditions on this characteristics, a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Haraz Extension and Technology Development Center, Iran, in two crop seasons, 2013 and 2014. Three transplanting dates were used to encounter rice varieties under different environmental conditions. Treatments included rice cultivars (Tarom Samadi, Tarom Hashemi, Local Tarom, Shiroudi, Keshvari and Gohar) and transplanting dates (5th may, 20th may and 10th June). Results showed that grain yield, biomass, LAI at heading and 20 days after heading, harvest index, accumulated intercepted photosynthesis active radiation (PAR), radiation use efficiency, grain filling rate, grain filling period and panicle number.m2 varied significantly between rice varieties. Transplanting date had significant effect on all traits, except radiation use efficiency. Highest grain yield, biomass, harvest index, accumulated incident PAR, accumulated intercepted PAR, grain filling period and growth duration were obtained  in transplanting on 5th may ( 7204 kg.ha-1, 17229 kg.ha-1, 41.9%, 1050 MJ.m-2, 827 MJ.m-2, 20.6 and 105 days, respectively) and lowest in transplanting on 10th June. Results of this experiment showed that changing in transplanting date of rice varieties caused changing in mean temperature during growth period, accumulated incident PAR and accumulated intercepted PAR as fallow, but had non significant effect on radiation use efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biomass
  • Grain filling
  • Leaf area index
  • Photosynthesis active radiation
Ahmad, S., H. Ali, M. Ismail, M. I. Shahzad, M. Nadeem, M. A. Anjum, M. Zia-Ul-Haq, N. Firdous and Khan, M. A. 2012. Radiation and nitrogen use efficiencies of C3 winter cereals to nitrogen split application. Pakistan Journal of  Botany 44 (1): 139-149.##Beheshti, A., Kochaki, A. and Nasiri-Mahlati, M. 2003. Effect of planting arrangement on absorption and radiation use efficiency in three maize cultivar. Seed and Plant 18 (4): 417-431.##Brdar, D. M., Kraljevic-Bralalic, M. M. and Kobiljski, B. D. 2008. The parameters of grain filling and yield components in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). Central European Journal of Biology 3 (1): 75- 82.##Cambpell, C. S., Heilman, J. L., McInnes, K. J., Wilson, L. T., Medley, J. C., Wu, G. and Cobos, D. R. 2001. Seasonal variation in radiation use efficiency of  irrigated rice. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology 110: 45-54.##Das, D. K. and Jat, R. L. 1977. Influence of three soil-water regimes on root porosity and growth of four rice varieties. Agronomy Journal 69: 197-200.##Dwyer, L. M., Stewart, D. W., Hamilton, R. I. and Honwing, L. 1992. Ear position and vertical distribution of leaf area in corn. Agronomy Journal  8: 430-438.##Egeh, A. O., Ingram, K. T. and Zamora, O. B.1992. High temperature effects on leaf gas exchange of four rice cultivars. Philippine Journal of Crop Science 17: 21-26.##Hatami, H., Mohsenabadi, Gh., Esfahani, M., Amiri Larijani, B. and Alami, A. 2014. Effect of transplanting date changes on panicle morphology and related trait in rice cultivars. Proceedings of The First International and 13th National Agronomy and Breeding Sciences Congress and 3rd Seed Technology and Sciences Conference. August 25-27, 2014, Karaj, Iran. (In Persian).##Katsura, K., Maeda, S., Horie, T. and Shiraiwa, T. 2007. Analysis of yield attributes and crop physiological trait of Liangyoupeijiu, a hybrid rice recently bred in china. Field Crops Research 103: 170-177.##Katsura, K., Maeda, S., Lubis, L., Horie, T., Cao, W. and Shiraiwa, T. 2008. The high yield of irrigated rice in        Yunnan, China. A cross-location analysis. Field Crops Research 107: 1-11.##Kemanian, A. R., Stockle, C. O. and Huggins, D. R. 2004. Variability of barley radiation use efficiency. Crop Science 44: 1662-1672.##Kiniry, J. R., McCauley, G., Xie, Y. and Arnorl, J. G. 2001. Rice parameters describing crop performance of four U.S. cultivars. Agronomy Journal 93: 1354-1361.##Krishnan, P. B., Ramakrishnan, K., Raja Reddy, K. and Reddy, V. R. 2011. High temperature effects on rice growth, yield and grain quality. In: Sparks, D. L. (Ed.). Advances in agronomy. Vol. 111. Burlington. Academic Press. pp: 87-206.##Kwanchai, A. G. 1972. Techniques for field experiments with rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Leguna, Philippines.##Li, Q., Liu, M., Zhang, J., Dong, B. and Bai, Q. 2009. Biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency of winter wheat under deficit irrigation regimes. Plant Soil Environment 55 (2): 8591.##Line, X., Zhu, D. and Zhang, Y. 2002. Achieving high yielding plant type in super rice variety by optimizing crop management. China Rice 2: 10. (In Chinese with English Abstract).##Long, S. P., Zhu, X. G., Naidu, S. L. and Ort, D. R. 2006. Can improvement in photosynthesis increase crop yields. Plant, Cell and Environment 29: 315-330.##Michell, P. L., Sheehy, J. E. and Woodward, F. I. 1998. Potential yield and the efficiency of radiation in rice. IRRI Discussion Paper Series No. 32. International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines. 62 p.##Miranzadeh, H., Emam, Y., Seyyed, H. and Zare, S. 2011. Productivity and radition use effieceny of four dry land wheat cultivars under different levels of nitrogen and chlormequat chloride. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology 13: 339-351.##Mohammad, A. R. and Tarpley, L. A. 2009. Impact of high night time temperature on respiration, membrane stability, antioxidant capacity and yield of rice plants. Crop Science 49: 313-322.##Monteith, J. 1977. Climate and the efficiency of crop production in Britain. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Biological Science 281: 277-294.##Monteith, J. and Unsworth, M. 1990. Principles of environmental physics. Edward Arnold, London, UK. 291 p.##Nanyan, D., Linga, X., Suna, Y., Zhang, C., Fahada, SH., Penga, SH., Cuia, K., Niea, L. and Huanga, J. 2015. Influence of temperature and solar radiation on grain yield and quality in irrigated rice system. European Journal of Agronomy 64: 37-46.##Oh-e, I., Saitoh, K. and Kuroda, T. 2007. Effects of high temperature on growth yield and dry matter production of rice growth in the paddy field. Plant Production Science 10 (4): 412-422.##Rosati, A. and Djong, T. M. 2003. Estimating photosynthetic radiation use efficiency using incident light and photosynthesis of individual leaves. Annals of Botany 91: 869-877.##Rosati, A., Metcalf, S. G. and Lampinen, B. D. 2004. A simple method to estimate photosynthetic radiation use efficiency of canopies. Annals of Botany 93: 567-574.##Sinclair, T. R. and Horie, T. 1989. Leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis and crop radiation use efficiency: A review. Crop Science 29: 90-98.##Sinclair, T. R. and Muchow, R. C. 1999. Radiation use efficiency. Advances in Agronomy 65: 215-265.##Sinclair, T. R., Shiraiwa, T. and Hammer, G. L. 1992. Variation in crop radiation use efficiency with increased diffuse radiation. Crop Science 32: 1281-1284.##Soleymani, A. and Amiri Larijani, B. 2004. Principle of rice production. 1st ed. Arvich Publication.##Soleymani, A., Shahrajabian, M. H. and Naranjani, L. 2011. The responses of qualitative characteristics and solar radiation absorption of berseem clover cultivars to various nitrogen fertilizers levels. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 9 (2): 319-321.##Wang,X.,Tao,L.,Yu,M.andHuang,X.2002. Physiological characteristics of super hybrid rice variety Xieyou9308. Chiniese Journal of Rice Science 16: 38-44. (In Chinese with English Abstract).##Yang, J., Zhang, J., Wang, Z., Zhu, Q. and Liu, L. 2001. Water deficit-induced senescence and its relationship to the remobilization of pre-stored carbon in wheat during grain filling. Agronomy Journal 93: 196-206.##Yoshida, S. 1981. Fundamentals of rice crop science. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.##Yunbo, Z., Tang, Q., Zou, Y., Li, D., Qin, J., Yang, S. H., Chen, L., Xia, B. and Peng, S. H. 2009. Yield potential and radiation use efficiency of super hybrid rice grown under subtropical condition. Field Crops Research 114: 91-98.##Zheng,S.H.,Nakamoto,H.,Yoshikawa,K.,Furuya,T.andFukuyama,M.2002. Influence of high night temprature on flowering and pod setting in soybeen. Plant Production Science 5: 215-218.##Zong, S., Lu, C., Zhao, L., Wang, C., Dai, Q. and Zou, J. 2000. Physiological basis of high yield of an intersubspecific hybrid, Liangyoupeijiu. Journal of Nanjing Agriculture Technology College 16: 8-12. (In Chinese with English Abstract).