پایداری عملکرد دانه هیبریدهای امیدبخش ذرت (Zea mays L.) در مناطق مختلف کشور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی تولید و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین‌اللملی امام خمینی، قزوین، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین‌اللملی امام خمینی، قزوین، ایران

4 استادیار گروه مهندسی تولید و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین‌اللملی امام خمینی، قزوین، ایران

چکیده

به­منظوربررسیپاسخ هیبریدهای جدید ذرت دانه‌ای نسبتبه شرایط محیطی متفاوت و تعیین پایداری عملکرد دانه آن­ها، آزمایشی بااستفادهاز هشت هیبریدذرت دانه­ایدرقالبطرحبلوک­هایکامل تصادفیباسهتکرار در شش منطقه در سال 1396 اجراشد. باتوجهبهمعنی­داربودنبرهمکنش هیبرید×محیط،تجزیهپایداریبا استفادهازدو روش چندمتغیره AMMI و GGE-biplot انجامشد. نتایج ﻣﺪل AMMI نشان داد که فقط ﻣوﻟﻔﻪ اﺻﻠﻰ اول (AMMI1) ﻣﻌﻨﻰدار بود و 52/72 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات برهمکنش ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ × ﻣﺤﻴﻂ را ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ کرد. بر اساس آماره‌های ﻣﺪل AMMI (SPCA1 و ASV)، هیبریدﻫﺎی ﺷﻤﺎره 1 (SC715B) و5 (SC706) ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان هیبریدهای ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺪاری بالاﺗﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷدﻧﺪ. نتایج تجزیه پایداری با روش GGE biplot نشان داد که 32/83 درصد از کل تغییرات عملکرد دانه با دو مولفه اول و دوم GGE-biplot توجیه می­شود و هیبریدﻫﺎی ﺷﻤﺎره 1 (SC715B) و7 (SC703) ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان هیبریدﻫﺎی ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺪاری بالاتر اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷدﻧﺪ.به­طور کلی، بر اساس عملکرد دانه و نتایج تجزیه پایداری با این­دو روش، هیبریدهای شماره 7 (SC703) و 1 (SC715B) به­ترتیب با عملکرد دانه 16/13 و 82/12 تن در هکتار به­عنوان پایدارترین و پرمحصول‌ترین هیبریدها شناسایی شدند و با سازگاری عمومی بالا می­توانند در مناطق مختلف کشور کشت شوند. ﺑﺮرﺳﻰ ﺑﺎیﭘﻼت ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ مختلف ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮدارﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻰ مغان، شیراز و کرمان و نیز مناطق کرمانشاه، قائم‌شهر و کرج بسیار نزدیک به­هم بودند و در رتبه­بندی هیبریدها، یکسان و مشابه عمل کردند. با توجه قدرت تفکیک بالای هیبریدها در مناطق شیراز، کرمان، کرج و قائم‌شهر، توصیه می‌شود جهت صرفه‌جویی در هزینه آزمایش‌ها در سال‌های بعد، آزمایش‌ها به جای شش منطقه در این چهار منطقه انجام شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Grain yield stability of promising grain maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids in different regions of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojtaba Joekar 1
  • Mohammadreza Shiri 2
  • Raheleh Khademian 3
  • Roghayeh Aminian 4
1 M. Sc. Student, Dept. of Plant Production and Breeding Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, International University of Imam Khomeini, Qazvin, Iran
2 Research Assist. Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Breeding Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, International University of Imam Khomeini, Qazvin, Iran
4 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Breeding Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, International University of Imam Khomeini, Qazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]

To investigate the response of new maize hybrids to different environmental conditions and determine their grain yield stability, an experiment was conducted using eight maize hybrids in a randomized complete block design with three replications in six locations in 2016. Due to the significant hybrid × environment (G × E) interaction, stability analysis was performed using two multivariate methods, AMMI and GGE-biplot. The results of the AMMI model showed that only the first principal component (AMMI1) was significant and accounted for 72.52% of the G×E variation. Based on AMMI model statistics (SPCA1 and ASV), the hybrids No. 1 ( KSC715B) and 5 (KSC706) were selected as the highest stable hybrids. The results of stability anlaysis by GGE-biplot procedure showed that 83.32% of the total grain yield variation was explained by the first and second component of GGE-biplot and the hybrids No. 1 (SC715B) and 7 (SC703) were identified as the hybrids with higher stability. In total, based on grain yield and the results of stability analysis using these two methods, the hybrids No. 7 (SC703) and 1 (SC715B) with grain yield of 13.16 and 12.82 t/ha, respectively, were identified as the most stable hybrids with most high yielding and due to high general adaptability, cab be cultivated in different regions of Iran. Also, biplot of correlation among environments revealed that Moghan, Shiraz and Kerman as well as Ghaemshahr, Kermanshah and Karaj, were very close to each other and were similar in ranking the studied hybrids. Considering high dicreament power of hybrids in Shiraz, Kerman, Karaj and Ghaemshahr regions and in order to save the costs of future experiments, it is recomanded that the experiments be carried out in these four regions instead of six.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • AMMI
  • GGE-biplot
  • graphical
  • Adaptability

مراجع

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تحقیقات غلات
دوره 9، شماره 3
آذر 1398
صفحه 249-259

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