بررسی رشد مجدد علف‌های هرز جودره (Hordeum spontaneum Koch.) و چاودار وحشی (Secale cereale L.) در مقایسه با گندم پس از تنش یخ‌زدگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

اطلاع از میزان تحمل به تنش یخ‌زدگی در چاودار وحشی و جودره، به­عنوان مهم‌ترین علف‌های هرز مزارع گندم، می‌تواند زمینه‌ساز پیش‌بینی پراکنش جغرافیایی و برنامه‌ریزی‌های مدیریتی آن­ها باشد. به­همین منظور، آزمایشی در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در پاییز سال 1396 انجام شد. دو ژنوتیپ گندم (رقم پیشگام و توده بومی قزل­خوشه) و دو علف هرز (جودره و چاودار وحشی) تا مرحله دو تا چهار برگی حقیقی تحت شرایط طبیعی رشد و سپس در معرض گستره دمایی 4+ تا 20- درجه سلسیوس (4+ درجه به­‌عنوان شاهد و صفر، 4- ، 8- ، 12- ، 16- و 20- درجه سلسیوس به­عنوان دماهای یخ­زدگی) قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که کاهش دما از 8- به 12- درجه سلسیوس، منجر به کاهش 36 درصدی بقای جودره شد، در حالی­که بقای گندم (رقم پیشگام و توده قزل­خوشه) و چاودار وحشی تا دمای 12- درجه سلسیوس، 100 درصد بود. بیش‌ترین دمای کاهنده 50 درصد از بقا (°C 8/12- =LT50su) و همچنین بیش­ترین دمای کاهنده 50 درصد از سطح برگ (°C 2/11- =RLAT50) به علف هرز جودره تعلق داشت. در بین گونه‌های گیاهی مورد مطالعه، گندم توده قزل­خوشه و چاودار وحشی به­ترتیب با 8/11- و 6/11- درجه سلسیوس، کم­ترین دمای کاهنده 50 درصد از وزن خشک اندام هوایی (RSDWT50)را داشتند، در حالی­که جودره با1/8- درجه سلسیوس، بیش‌ترین میزان RSDWT50را دارا بود. بیش‌ترین و کم­ترین عدد کلروفیل­متر در بین گیاهان زنده، به­ترتیب در دماهای 4+ و 12- درجه سلسیوس مشاهده شد و چاودار وحشی با 5/19 واحد اسپد و جودره با 3/10 واحد اسپد به­ترتیب بیش­ترین و کم­ترین عدد کلروفیل­متر را نشان دادند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تحمل بالای چاودار وحشی به تنش یخ‌زدگی، احتمالاً یکی از دلایل اصلی حضور وسیع آن در مزارع گندم زمستانه است. بنابراین، پیش‌بینی پراکنش و تهاجم احتمالی و در نتیجه اقدامات مناسب برای مدیریت این علف هرز در مناطقی با اقلیم سرد، ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the regrowth of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum Koch.) and feral rye (Secale cereale L.) weeds compared to wheat after freezing stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Hsanfard 1
  • Ebrahim Izadi-Darbandi 2
1 Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Agroechology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agroechology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Knowledge of freezing stress tolerance in wild barley and feral rye as the most important weeds in wheat fields can be used to predict their geographical distribution and management plannings. To this end, an experiment was conducted in Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, in autumn 2017. Two wheat genotypes (cultivar Pishgam and Iranian landrace Ghezel Khoushe) and two weeds (wild barley and feral rye) were grown up to two to four true leaves stage under natural conditions and then exposed to a temperature range of +4 to -20 °C (+4 oC as control and 0, -4, -8, -12, -16 and -20 oC as freezing temperatures). The results showed that reducing temperature from -8 to -12 °C led to a 36% decrease in survival of wild barley, while the survival of wheat (Pishgam and Ghezel Khoushe) and feral rye was 100%. Wild barley had the highest lethal temperature reducing 50% of survival (LT50su = -12.8 °C) and temperature rducing 50% of leaf area (RLAT50 = -11.2 °C). Among the studied plant species, wheat (landrace Ghezel Khoushe) and feral rye with -11.8 °C and -11.6 °C, respectively, had the lowest temperature rducing 50% of shoot dry weight (RSDWT50), while the wild barley with -8.1 °C had the highest RSDWT50. The highest and lowest chlorophyll content (SPAD) among the living plants were observed at +4 and -12 °C, respectively, and  feral rye with 19.5 and wild barley with 10.3 SPAD unit showed the highest and lowest chlorophyll content, respectively. The results of this study showed that high tolerance of feral rye to freezing stress is probably one of the main reasons for its widespread distribution in winter wheat fields. Therefore, it is necessary to predict dispersion and possible invasion and consequently appropriate strategies to manage this weed in areas with cold climates.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Geographical distribution
  • Leaf area
  • Management planning
  • SPAD
  • Survival percentage
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