ارزیابی ویژگی های مرفوفنولوژیک گندم های هگزاپلوئید مصنوعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

4 مربی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

گندم‌های هگزاپلوئید مصنوعی، آمفی‌پلوئید حاصل از تلاقی بین گندم دوروم و گونه­های آجیلوپس، منابع ارزشمندی برای افزایش تنوع ژنتیکی گندم و استفاده از آلل‌های بیرون از خزانه ژنی اولیه گندم هستند. در این تحقیق، تعداد 50 لاین گندم هگزاپلوئید مصنوعی همراه با پنج رقم گندم نان (آنفارم4، ارگ، افق، نارین و بک­کراس روشن) به­عنوان ارقام شاهد آزمایش برای صفات مورفوفنولوژیک مختلف در آزمایشگاه و مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده­ها نشان داد که اختلاف آماری معنی­داری بین ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف برای همه صفات مورد مطالعه به­جز تعداد پنجه وجود داشت که نشان­دهنده وجود تنوع ژنتیکی بین ژنوتیپ­ها است. وراثت­پذیری برای صفات مختلف در محدوده 26 تا 90 درصد برآورد شد. مقایسه میانگین بین لاین­های گندم مصنوعی و ارقام شاهد نشان داد که برای بیش­تر صفات مطالعه­شده به­جز طول سنبله، تعداد پنجه و وزن هزار دانه، اختلاف آماری معنی­داری وجود داشت. تجزیه خوشه‌ای بر اساس روش حداقل واریانس وارد، ژنوتیپ­ها را به سه گروه دسته­بندی کرد. نمودار بای­پلات بر اساس دو مولفه اصلی که 09/53 درصد از تغییرات کل داده‌ها را توجیه کردند نیز گروه­بندی حاصل از تجزیه خوشه­ای را تایید کرد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که اگرچه برتری کلی با ارقام شاهد بود، اما تنوع ژنتیکی زیادی برای بسیاری از صفات مورد مطالعه در لاین‌های گندم مصنوعی مشاهده شد و بنابراین از لاین‌های دارای صفات برتر می‌توان به‌عنوان والدین انتخابی برای تولید ارقام گندم جدید در برنامه­های به‌نژادی آینده استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing morpho-phenological characteristics of synthetic hexaploid wheats

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Izanloo 1
  • Somayeh َAlipour Moghadam 2
  • Mohammad Ghader Ghaderi 3
  • Alireza Samadzadeh 4
1 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
2 M. Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
3 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
4 Instructor, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]

Synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs), amphiploids resulting from the crosses between durum wheat and Aegilops species, are valuable resources for enhancing wheat genetic diversity and useful for the exploitation of alleles outside the primary wheat gene pool. In this research, 50 SHW lines along with five bread wheat cultivars as controls (Onfarm4, Arg, Ofogh, Narin, Backcross Roshan) were evaluated based on different morpho-phenological traits in the laboratory and research field of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between different genotypes for the studied traits except for the tiller number, indicating the existence of genetic diversity among genotypes. The estimated heritability for different traits ranged from 26% to 90%. Comparison of mean between SHW lines and the control cultivars showed that there were statistically significant differences for most of the studied traits except for spike length, tiller number and 1000-grain weight. Cluster analysis based on Ward's minimum variance method classified the studied genotypes into three clusters. Biplot diagram based on two principal components that accounted for 53.09% of the total variations also confirmed the grouping from the cluster analysis. The results of this study showed that the general superiority was related to the control cultivars, but high genetic diversity was observed among the synthetic wheat lines for many of the studied traits and therefore the superior lines for important traits can be selected as parents to produce new wheat cultivars in the future breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Coleoptile
  • Cluster analysis
  • Genetic diversity
  • Heritability
  • 1000-grain weight
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