تجزیه ژنتیکی عملکرد علوفه و صفات مرتبط در ارزن مرواریدی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 کارشناس، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

ارزن مرواریدی (Pennisetum glaucum L.) یکی از گیاهان مهم مناطق گرم و خشک است که به­منظور تولید دانه و علوفه کشت می‌شود. با توجه به دگرگشنی و هتروزیس بالا، بررسی ترکیب‌پذیری و انتخاب والدین بر اساس آن یکی از مهم‌ترین مراحل اصلاح ارزن مرواریدی است. به­منظور مطالعه ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی لاین‌های ارزن مرواریدی، تعداد ده لاین در خزانه پلی‌کراس تلاقی داده شدند و سپس خانواده‌های ناتنی حاصل به­همراه رقم شاهد در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل تعداد روز تا گلدهی، ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد برگ، تعداد پنجه، عملکرد علوفه تر و عملکرد ماده خشک بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که تنوع ژنتیکی قابل ملاحظه‌ای برای صفات مورد بررسی وجود دارد. برآورد وراثت‌پذیری از 86/53 درصد برای صفت عملکرد علوفه خشک تا 23/99 درصد برای صفت تعداد پنجه متغیر بود. این نتایج نشان داد که واریانس افزایشی سهم قابل­توجهی در کنترل صفات مورد بررسی در این جمعیت داشت و بنابراین می‌توان از آن در برنامه‌های اصلاحی استفاده کرد. بررسی ترکیب‌پذیری لاین‌ها نشان داد که لاین شماره 2 برای صفات تعداد روز تا گلدهی، ارتفاع بوته و تعداد برگ، لاین شماره 3 برای صفت قطر ساقه، لاین‌های شماره 4، 7 و 8 برای صفت تعداد پنجه و لاین شماره 7 برای صفات عملکرد علوفه تر و ماده خشک، بهترین ترکیب‌شونده‌های عمومی بودند و بنابراین امکان استفاده از آن‌ها به‌عنوان والدین تلاقی­ها برای اصلاح جمعیت مورد مطالعه وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Genetic analysis of forage yield and related traits in pearl millet

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Ataei 1
  • Farid Golzardi 1
  • Mohammad Razmi- Charmkhoran 2
1 Research Assist. Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Research Assisstant, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is one of the most important crops in arid and semi-arid regions that is cultivated for grain and forage. Due to cross pollination and high heterosis, selection of parents based on combining ability is one of the most important steps in pearl millet breeding programs. To study the general combining ability (GCA) of pearl millet lines, a set of 10 lines were crossed in polycross nursery and the resulting half-sib families (HS) along with a check variety were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The studued traits included days to flowering, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of tillers, fresh forage yield and dry matter. The results of analysis of variance and comparison of means showed that there was considerable genetic diversity for the studied traits. Estimated heritability ranged from 53.86% for dry forage yield to 99.23% for number of tillers. These results showed that additive variance had a significant role in controlling the studied traits in this population and therefore it can be used in breeding programs. Combining ability showed that line 2 for days to flowering, plant height and number of leaves, line 3 for stem diameter, lines 4, 7 and 8 for number of tillers and line 7 for fresh forage and dry matter yield were the best general combiner and could be used as the parents of crosses to improve the studied population.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Combining ability
  • Genetic variation
  • Pearl millet
  • Poly-cross
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