افزایش عملکرد گیاه ذرت و بهبود ویژگی های شیمیایی و زیستی خاک آهکی شور با استفاده تلفیقی از کود نانوزیستی و کود دامی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به نیاز روزافزون افزایش عملکرد گیاه ذرت همراه با کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی در راستای کشاورزی پایدار، هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر کود نانوبیولوژیک به­عنوان یک فناوری نوین به­همراه کود دامی بر افزایش کارایی مصرف عناصر غذایی و عملکرد گیاه ذرت در یک خاک آهکی شور با ماده آلی پایین بود. بدین منظور، یک آزمایش مزرعه­ای به­صورت کرت­های خردشده- فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل­های آزمایش شامل کود نانوزیستی در سه سطح صفر، یک و دو کیلوگرم در هکتار (Nb0، Nb1 و Nb2) و کود دامی در سه سطح صفر، 10 و 20 تن در هکتار (M0، M1 و M2) بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که برهمکنش کودها بر ویژگی‌های خاک و صفات رشدی و عملکرد گیاه ذرت در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی­دار بود. مقایسه میانگین برهمکنش عامل­ها نشان داد که تیمار Nb2M2 وزن هزاردانه (101 %)، وزن کاه (78 %)، وزن کل (45/82 %)، درصد نیتروژن دانه (135 %)، درصد پروتئین (136 %)، عملکرد پروتئین (377 %)، تنفس خاک (61/182 %)، کربن آلی خاک (20/126 %) ماده آلی خاک (50/125 %) و درصد نیتروژن خاک (30/141 %) را نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش داد. در مقابل، تیمار Nb1M1 نسبت C/N خاک را به­میزان 7/22 درصد کاهش داد. در مورد EC خاک نیز تیمار  Nb2M0 با کاهش 07/41 درصدی هدایت الکتریکی خاک بهترین عملکرد را داشت. افزون‌بر این، تیمار Nb0M2 توانست pH خاک را از 90/7 به 65/7 کاهش دهد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از کودهای نانوزیستی به­همراه ماده آلی، ضمن پتانسیل اثرگذاری بالا در افزایش عملکرد (کمی- کیفی) گیاه ذرت می­تواند ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و زیستی خاک­های آهکی شور را نیز به‌طور چشم­گیری بهبود بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Increasing the yield of maize and improving the chemical and biological properties of saline calcareous soil using a combination of nano-biofertilizer and cattle manure

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Fallah Nosrat Abad 1
  • Amir Aftab Talab 2
  • Shayan Shariati 3
1 Assoc. Prof., Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Reaserch, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 M. Sc., Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Reaserch, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Ph. D. Graduated, Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Due to the growing need to increase the area under cultivation of Maize and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers to achieve sustainable agriculture, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nano-biofertilizer as new eco-friendly technology along with cattle manure on increasing nutrient efficiency and maize yield in a saline calcareous soil with low organic matter. For this purpose, a field experiment was performed as split-plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors included nano-biofertilizer at three levels of zero, 1, and 2 (Nb0, Nb1, and Nb2) ton/ha, and cattle manure in three levels 0, 10, and 20 (M0, M1, and M2) ton/ha. The results showed that the independent and interaction effects of these fertilizers on soil properties and yield and growth traits of maize were significant at 1% probability level. The results of interactions showed that Nb2M2 treatment compared to control could increase grain yield (101 %), straw weight (78 %), total yield (82.82 %), grain nitrogen (135 %), grain protein (136 %), protein yield (377 %), soil respiration (61.18 %), soil organic carbon (126.20 %), soil organic matter (125.50 %) and soil nitrogen (140.30 %). Nb1M1 treatment was able to reduce soil C/N by 22.7 %. In the case of soil EC, Nb2M0 treatment had the best performance with a reduction of 41.7 % in soil salinity. Besides, Nb0M2 treatment could reduce soil pH from 7.90 to 7.65. The results of this study showed that the use of nano-biofertilizers with organic matter while having a high potential for increasing the yield (quantitative-qualitative) of corn also can significantly improve the biological and chemical properties of saline calcareous soils.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biofertilizer
  • Nano fertilizer
  • Plant Growth Promoting bacteria (PGPR)
  • Pseudomonas
  • Sustainable agriculture
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