کاربرد نانو و نیترات آهن در کشت مخلوط گندم و نخود: رهیافتی به سمت کشاورزی پایدار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهش، بخش نانوتکنولوژی، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

نانوکود‌ها با توجه به میزان اندک کود مصرفی و دقت در اختیارگیری گیاه به­عنوان راهکاری برای کاهش نهاده‌ها و دستیابی به پایداری در تولید محصولات کشاورزی مطرح هستند. در این آزمایش، آثار کودهای نانو و نیترات آهن بر ویژگی‌های رشدی گندم در سامانه‌های مختلف کشت مخلوط گندم و نخود بررسی شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های دوبار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران در سال 98-1397 انجام شد. کرت‌های اصلی شامل پنج الگوی کاشت (تک‌کشتی گندم، تک‌کشتی نخود و سه کشت مخلوط گندم: نخود با نسبت 50:50، 50:70 و 50:90)، کرت‌های فرعی شامل سه تیمار کودی (شاهد، نانوآهن و نیترات آهن) و کرت‌های فرعی‌فرعی شامل دو غلظت کود (1500 و 750 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) بود. نتایج نشان داد که کشت مخلوط 50:70 و غلظت 750 نانوآهن بیش­ترین کارآیی مصرف آهن در گندم را داشت و به­طورکلی کارآیی مصرف آهن گندم در کشت مخلوط50:70 نسبت به سایر الگوهای کشت بیش­تر بود. در مقابل، بیش­ترین کارآیی مصرف آهن نخود در کشت مخلوط 90:50 و غلظت 750 نیترات آهن مشاهده شد. در همه تیمارهای الگوی کاشت، کارآیی مصرف کود توسط گندم و نخود در نانوآهن بیش­تر از نیترات آهن بود. بیش­ترین زیست‌توده و عملکرد دانه گندم در تیمارهای تک‌کشتی+ نانوآهن (به­ترتیب 16371 و 5042 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و تک‌کشتی+ نیترات آهن (به­ترتیب 16062 و 5554 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کم­ترین زیست‌توده و عملکرد دانه آن (به­ترتیب 7480 و 2454 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کشت مخلوط 90:50 و نیترات آهن به­دست آمد، اما بالاترین زیست‌توده و عملکرد دانه نخود در بیش­تر موارد در غلظت 750 مربوط به تیمار نیترات آهن و در غلظت 1500 مربوط به تیمار نانوآهن بود. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که در بیش­تر تیمارهای الگوی کاشت و در تمام صفات مورد بررسی، غلظت 750 میلی­گرم بر لیتر نانوکود آهن مشابه یا حتی برتر از غلظت 1500 میلی­گرم بر لیتر بود و در نتیجه می‌توان غلظت نانوکود کم­تری را به­کار برد و مصرف کود را کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of nano iron and iron nitrate in wheat and pea intercropping: An approach to sustainable agriculture

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Soleimanpour 1
  • Seyed Mohammad Baqer Hosseini 2
  • Leila Mamani 3
  • Mostafa Oveisi 2
1 Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Research Assist. Prof., Dept. of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Nano-fertilizers due to the small amount of used fertilizer and the accuracy of plant acquisition are considered as a strategy to reduce inputs and achieve sustainability in agriculture production. In this experiment, the effects of nano iron and iron nitrate on the growth characteristics of wheat in different wheat and chickpea intercropping systems were investigated. The experiment was performed as split-split plot in randomized complete plot design with three replications in the research field of Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran, in 2019. The main plots included five planting patterns (wheat monoculture, pea monoculture and three intercroppings of wheat:pea with 50:50, 70:50 and 90:50 ratio), sub-plots included three fertilizer treatments (control, nano-iron and iron nitrate) and sub-sub-plots included two fertilizer concentrations (1500 and 750 mg/L). The results showed that the 50:70 intercropping and concentration of 750 nano-iron had the highest iron use efficiency of wheat and in total, the iron use efficiency of wheat in 50:70 intercropping was higher than the other planting patterns. In contrast, the highest iron use efficiency of pea was observed in 50:90 intercropping and 750 concentration of iron nitrate. In all intercropping treatments, the fertilizer use efficiency by wheat and pea in nano-iron was higher than iron-nitrate. The highest wheat biomass and grain yield was obtained in monoculture + nano-iron (16371 and 5042 kg/ha, respectively) and monoculture + iron-nitrate (16062 and 5554, respectively), and the lowest wheat biomass and grain yield was related to 90:50 intercropping and iron-nitrate, but the highest pea biomass and grain yield in most fertilizer treatments at the concentrations of 750 and 1500 mg/L was related to iron-nitrate and nano-iron, respectively. The results of this experiment showed that in most of the planting pattern treatments and in all studied traits, the concentration of 750 mg/L iron nano-fertilizer was similar or even higher than the concentration of 1500 mg/L and therefore, a lower concentration of nano-fertilizer can be used and the consumption of fertilizer can be reduced.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Diversity
  • Iron nitrate
  • Micronutrients
  • Nano-iron
  • Sustainability
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