غربال ژرم‌پلاسم گندم نان و شناسایی منابع ژنتیکی مقاوم به زنگ قهوه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

زنگ قهوه‌ای یکی از بیماری‌های مهم گندم در جهان و ایران است و استفاده از ارقام مقاوم مؤثرترین ابزار مقابله با این بیماری می‌باشد، اما مقاومت ارقام به­دلیل فشار گزینشی وارد شده بر بیمارگر، پس از مدتی بی­اثر می‌شود و جستجو برای منابع ژنتیکی جدید مقاومت را اجتناب­ناپذیر می‌سازد. تحقیق حاضر به­منظور شناسایی این منابع مقاومت در ژرم‌پلاسم گندم نان انجام شد. بدین منظور، تعداد 97 نمونه ژنتیکی از مجموعه گندم نان بانک ژن گیاهی ملی ایران در شرایط آلودگی طبیعی در ایستگاه تحقیقات عراقی محله گرگان در سال 97-1396 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که 4/46 درصد از نمونه‌های ژنتیکی مورد بررسی دارای ضریب آلودگی صفر بودند که برای ارزیابی در مرحله گیاهچه­ای انتخاب شدند. ارزیابی گیاهچه‌ای در گلخانه با استفاده از چهار پاتوتیپ با فرمول پرآزاری/ ناپرآزاری مشخص انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه‌های کمی و کیفی، نمونه‌های ژنتیکی مورد بررسی را به گروه‌های مختلفی با مقاومت اختصاصی نسبت به یک یا چند پاتوتیپ، گروه‌بندی کرد. با مقایسه واکنش مقاومت نمونه‌های ژنتیکی با فرمول پرآزاری/ ناپرآزاری در پاتوتیپ‌ها، حضور ژن مقاومت Lr14a در نمونه ژنتیکی 5127 احتمال داده شد. همچنین این مقایسات بیانگر احتمال حضور ژن‌های مقاومت ناشناخته در تعداد زیادی از نمونه‌های ژنتیکی مورد بررسی بود. در مجموع نتایج این تحقیق نشان­دهنده ظرفیت ارزشمند ژرم‌پلاسم گندم برای شناسایی احتمالی ژن‌ها و منابع جدید مقاومت به زنگ قهوه‌ای بود. از این­رو، پیشنهاد می­شود تحقیقات تکمیلی برای ارزیابی و غربال مواد ژنتیکی گندم نان انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Screening of bread wheat germplasm and identification of genetic resources resistant to leaf rust disease

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Zahravi 1
  • Seyyed Taha Dadrezaei 1
  • Mohammad Ali Dehghan 2
1 Research Assist. Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Research Assist. Prof., Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Golestan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Leaf rust is one of the most important wheat diseases in the world and Iran and the use of resistant cultivars is the most effective tool against this disease, however, the resistance of the cultivars becomes ineffective following a selective pressure on the pathogen, which makes the search for new resistance genetic resources unavoidable. The present study was performed to identify these sources of resistance in wheat germplasm. Therefore, 97 accessions from the bread wheat collection of National Plant Gene Bank of Iran were investigated under natural infection condition at Eraghi-Mahale Research Station, Gorgan, Iran, in 2017-2018. The results showed that 46.4% of the studied accessions had a zero infection coefficient that were selected for evaluation at the seedling stage. Seedling evaluation was performed in greenhouse using four pathotypes with determined virulence-avirulence factors. The results of qualitative and quantitative analyzes grouped the studied accessions into different groups with specific resistance to one or more pathotypes. Comparison of resistance response of the accessions with avirulence/virulence formula in the pathotypes indicated the possibility of presence of Lr14a in the accession 5127. Furthermore, these comparisons revealed the possibility of presence of unknown resistance genes in many of the accessions under study. The results of this study showed the valuable capacity of the bread wheat germplasm to possibly identify new genes and sources of resistance to leaf rust. Therefore, it is suggested that additional research be done to evaluate and screen the bread wheat germplasm.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Brown rust
  • Gene bank
  • Pathogen
  • Resistance gene
  • Virulence
Afshari, F., Torabi, M., Kia, S., Dadrezaei, S. T., Safavi, S. A., Chaichi, M., Karbalaei Khiavi, H., Zakeri, A., Bahrami Kamangar, S., Nasrollahi, M., Patpour, M. and Ebrahimnejad, S. 2005. Monitoring of virulence factors of Puccinia triticina Eriksson, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust in Iran during 2002-2004.  Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 21 (4): 485-496. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Appel, J. A., DeWolf, E., Bockus, W. W. and Todd, T. 2009. Kansas cooperative plant disease survey report preliminary Kansas wheat disease loss estimates. August 11, 2009. http://www.ksda.gov/includes/document_center/plant_protection/Plant%20Disease20Reports/2009KSWheatDiseaseLossEstimates.pdf. Accessed 29 November 2010 Ausemus, E.R., Harrington, J.B., Reitz, L.P., Worzella.##Arzani, A., Ahoonmanesh, A. and Torabi, M. 2005. A genetic study of adult plant resistance to brown (leaf) rust in bread wheat. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science 36 (2): 363-373. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Dadrezaei, S. T., Mohammadi Goltappeh, E., Afshari, F. and Nazari, K. 2012. Pathotypes and physiologic races of Puccinia triticina Eriks. The causal agent of wheat leaf rust and their distribution in Iran in 2009 and 2010. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 28-1 (4): 685-815. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Delfan, S., Bihamta, M. R., Dadrezaei, S. T., Abbasi, A. R. and Aalipour H. 2020. Evaluation of resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia tritici Eriks.) at seedling stage in wheat genotypes. Seed and Plant 36 (4): 483-508. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Draz, I. S., Abou-Elseoud, M. S., Kamara, A. E. M., Alaa-Eldein, O. A. E. and El-Bebany, A. F. 2015. Screening of wheat genotypes for leaf rust resistance along with grain yield. Annals of Agricultural Sciences 60: 29-39.##Ebrahimian, M., Nasrollahnezhad Ghomi, A. A., Zaynali Nezhad, Kh. and Ramazanpour, S. S. 2019. Evaluation of resistance to leaf rust at adult stage in some bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Plant Production (Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources) 26 (3): 89-102. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Ghasemzadeh, E., Afshari, F., Khodarahmi, M. and Bihamta, M. R. 2010. Study on the genetics of resistance to leaf rust in some advanced lines of wheat at seedling stage. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 6 (3): 51-59. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Gultyaeva, E. 2020. Breeding of bread wheat for leaf rust resistance in Russia. In BIO web of conferences.  EDP Sciences (18): 00013.##Helfer, S. 2014. Rust fungi and global change. New Phytologist 201 (3): 770-780.##Herrera-Foessel, S. A., Singh, R. P., Huerta-Espino, J., William, H. M., Garcia, V., Djurle, A. and Yuen, J. 2008. Identification and molecular characterization of leaf rust resistance gene Lr14a in durum wheat. Plant Disease 92 (3): 469-473.##Huerta-Espino, J., Singh, R. P., German, S., McCallum, B. D., Park, R. F., Chen, W. Q., Bhardwaj, S. C. and Goyeau, H. 2011. Global status of wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. Euphytica 179 (1): 143-160.##Kia, S. and Afshari, F. 2011. A study of the virulence factors of Puccinia triticina Eriksoon, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust in Golestan province during 2002-2007. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science 42 (1): (In Persian with English Abstract).##Kim, M., Lee, A., Truong, H. A., Kang, C. S., Choi, C., Chung, N., Lee, H. and Lee, B. C. 2019. Evaluation of leaf rust resistance and characteristics of Korean wheats. Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry 62 (3): 293-297.##Law, C. N. 1967. The location of genetic factors controlling a number of quantitative characters in wheat. Genetics 56: 445-461.##Law, C. N. and Wolfe, M. S. 1966. Location of genetic factors for mildew resistance and ear emergence time on chromosome 7B of wheat. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology  8:462-470.##Mahdian, S. and Dehghan, M. A. 2004. Identification of  pathotypes of Puccinia triticina Eriksoon, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust in Golestan and Mazandaran provinces. Entomology and Phytopathology 72 (2):29-38. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Martínez-Moreno, F., Giraldo, P., Cátedra, M. D. M. and Ruiz, M. 2021. Evaluation of leaf rust resistance in the Spanish core collection of tetraploid wheat landraces and association with ecogeographical variables. Agriculture 11 (4): 277.##McCallum, B. D., Hiebert, C. W., Cloutier, S., Bakkeren, G., Rosa, S. B., Humphreys, D. G., Marais, G. F., McCartney, C. A., Panwar, V., Rampitsch, C. and Saville, B. J. 2016. A review of wheat leaf rust research and the development of resistant cultivars in Canada. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 38 (1): 1-18.##McCallum, B. D., Humphreys, D. G., Somers, D. J., Dakouri, A. and Cloutier, S. 2011. Allelic variation for the rust resistance gene Lr34/Yr18 in Canadian wheat cultivars. Euphytica 183: 261–274.##McFadden, E. S. 1930. A successful transfer of emmer characters to vulgare wheat. American Society of Agronomy 22: 1020-1034.##McIntosh, R. A., Luig, N. H. and Baker, E. P. 1967. Genetic and cytogenetic studies of stem rust, leaf rust, and powdery mildew resistance in Hope and related wheat cultivars. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 20: 1181-92.##McIntosh, R. A., Wellings, C. R. and Park, R. F. 1995. Wheat rusts: An Atlas of resistance genes. CSIRO, Australia.##Nasr Elahnezhad Ghomi, A. A., Bihamtha, M. R., Hossein Zadeh, A., Taleei, A.,  Shahnejat Bushehri, A. A. and Torabi, M. 2006. The mode of inheritance to wheat leaf rust at adult plant stage. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science 37-1 (1): 135-143. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Nasr Elahnezhad Ghomi, A. A., Hosseyn Zadeh, A., Torabi, M. and Ghanadha, M. R. 2003. Study on the genetics of resistance to leaf rust in some advanced lines of wheat at seedling stage. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 19(3): 281-294. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Panwar, V., Jordan, M., McCallum, B. and Bakkeren, G. 2018. Host‐induced silencing of essential genes in Puccinia triticina through transgenic expression of RNAi sequences reduces severity of leaf rust infection in wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal 16 (5): 1013-1023.##Peterson, R. F., Campbell, A. B. and Hannah, A. E. 1948. A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity on leaves and stems of cereals. Canadian Journal of Research 26 (5): 496-500.##Riaz, A., Athiyannan, N., Periyannan, S. K., Afanasenko, O., Mitrofanova, O. P., Platz, G. J., Aitken, E. A., Snowdon, R. J., Lagudah, E. S., Hickey, L. T. and Voss-Fels, K. P. 2018. Unlocking new alleles for leaf rust resistance in the Vavilov wheat collection. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 131 (1): 127-144.##Roelfs, A. P., Singh, R. P. and Saari, E. E. 1992. Rust diseases of wheat concepts and methods of disease management. CIMMYT, Mexico, pp. 80.##Sapkota, S., Hao, Y., Johnson, J., Buck, J., Aoun, M. and Mergoum, M. 2019. Genome‐wide association study of a worldwide collection of wheat genotypes reveals novel quantitative trait loci for leaf rust resistance. The Plant Genome 12 (3): 190033.##Torabi, M., Mardoukhi, V., Foroutan, A., Kashani, A., Aliramaei, M., Dadrezaei, S. T., Akbari  Moghadam, H., Rajaei, S. and Azimi H. 2002. Virulence genes of Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust in some regions of Iran during 1995-1999. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 18 (4): 432-449. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Torabi, M., Nazari, K. and Afshari, F. 2001. Genetics of pathogenicity of Puccinia recondite f.sp. tritici, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust. Iranian Journal of Agricuture Science 32 (3): 625-635. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Webb, C. A. and Fellers, J. P. 2006. Cereal rust fungi genomics and the pursuit of virulence and avirulence factors. FEMS Microbiology Letters 264 (1): 1-7.##Zahravi, M., Asgharzadeh, P., Afshari, F. and Bihamta, M. R. 2009. Study of relationships among components of resistance to yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) in Iranian wheat landraces. Modern Genetics Journal 4 (4): 33-43. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Zahravi, M., Dehghan, M. A., Fallahi, H. A. and Azimi, H. 2019. Efficiency of resistance genes in wheat to powdery mildew in some centers of disease incidence in Iran. Iranian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 8 (1): 12-15. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Zarandi, F., Afshari, F. and Rezaee, S. 2011. Virulence factors of Puccinia triticina the causal agent of wheat leaf rust in different parts of Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 27 (2): 219-231. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Zarandi, F., Afshari, F. and Rezaei S. 2009. Study of resistance components at seedling stage and field resistance to leaf rust in some elite wheat lines. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 25-1 (4): 569-584. (In Persian with English Abstract).##