ارزیابی روابط بین صفات مرتبط با عملکرد و کیفیت دانه در تعدادی از لاین های امیدبخش برنج (Oryza sativa L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

بررسی ارتباط بین صفات، نقش مهمی در اصلاح نباتات دارد و می­تواند شاخص­های انتخاب مناسب برای اصلاح جمعیت را شناسایی و معرفی کند. در این تحقیق، روابط بین صفات مرتبط با عملکرد و کیفیت دانه در 62 لاین امیدبخش برنج ارزیابی شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور در سال 1399 انجام شد. برآورد ضرایب همبستگی فنوتیپی بین صفات نشان داد که بین عملکرد دانه با صفات وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه پر در خوشه، تعداد خوشه در بوته و روز تا 50 درصد گل‌دهی، همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار و با ارتفاع بوته و طول خوشه، همبستگی منفی و معنی‌دار وجود داشت. وراثت­پذیری خصوصی صفات اندازه­گیری شده نیز از حدود 32 درصد برای تعداد دانه پر در خوشه تا 49 درصد برای عرض برگ پرچم و طول دانه متغیر بود. تجزیه علیت بین عملکرد دانه با سایر صفات مورد مطالعه نشان داد که سه صفت وزن هزار دانه، تعداد خوشه در بوته و تعداد دانه پر در خوشه دارای اثر مستقیم مثبت و معنی­دار بر عملکرد دانه بودند و می­توانند به­عنوان شاخص­های مناسب جهت انتخاب لاین­های پرمحصول استفاده شوند. تجزیه به عامل‌‌ها نشان داد که چهار عامل اصلی و مستقل که 50/78 درصد از تغییرات کل داده‌ها را توجیه کردند، عامل­های پنهانی موثر بر صفات مورد مطالعه بودند. این عامل­ها به­ترتیب  تحت عنوان عامل عملکرد دانه و تیپ بوته، ویژگی­های ظاهری دانه، راندمان تبدیل و نرخ باروری نام­گذاری شدند. تجزیه خوشه‌ای با استفاده از روش حداقل واریانس "وارد" نیز لاین‌های مورد بررسی را در  سه خوشه مجزا گروه‌بندی کرد و گروه اول با تعداد 13 لاین، از نظر تعداد خوشه در بوته، تعداد دانه پر در خوشه، درصد باروری خوشه و عملکرد دانه، میانگین بیش­تر و از نظر ارتفاع بوته و تعداد دانه پوک در خوشه، میانگین کم‌تری از سایر گروه­ها داشت. این گروه، از نظر میزان آمیلوز نیز متوسط و از نظر طول دانه و طویل شدن دانه­ها بعد از پخت نیز مقادیر بیش­تری از سایر گروه­ها داشت و بنابراین به­نظر می­رسد لاین­های این گروه بتوانند پس از ارزیابی در آزمایش­های ناحیه­ای به­عنوان رقم­های جدید پرمحصول و کیفی معرفی شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the relationships between grain yield and quality related traits in some promising lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Khadem Hosseini 1
  • Babak Rabiei 2
1 M. Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Investigating the relationship between the studied traits has an important role in plant breeding and can identify and introduce appropriate selection indices for population breeding. In this study, the relationships between yield related traits and grain quality of 62 rice promising lines were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rashr, Iran, in 2020. Estimating the phenotypic correlation coefficients between traits showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between grain yield and 1000-grain weight, number of filled grains per panicle, number of panicles per plant and day to 50% flowering, and negative and significant correlation with plant height and panicle length. Narrow-sense heritability of the measured traits ranged from about 32% for number of filled grains per panicle to 49% for flag leaf width and grain length. Path analysis between grain yield and the other studied traits showed that 1000-grain weight, number of panicles per plant and number of filled grains per panicle had a positive and direct effect on grain yield. Factor analysis showed that four main and independent factors that explained 78.50% of the total variance were the latent factors affecting the studied traits. These factors were named as grain yield and plant type, grain appearance characteristics, milling efficiency and fertility rate factors, respectively. Cluster analysis using the Ward’s minimum variance method grouped the studied lines into three separate clusters and the first cluster with 13 lines had the higher grain yield, number of panicles per plant, number of filled grains per panicle and fertility percentage than the other clusters. This cluster had also moderate amylose content and higher values for grain length and cooked rice length related to other clusters. Therefore, it seems that the lines of this group can be introduced as new high yield and qualitative cultivars after evaluation in multi-regional experiments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genetic diversity
  • Multivariate analyses
  • Selection indices
  • Yield and yield components
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