تجزیه ژنتیکی عملکرد دانه و برخی ویژگی‌های اگرو- مورفولوژیک لاین‌های برگزیده ذرت زودرس با استفاده از تجزیه دای آلل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح ناتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

اطلاعات جامع در مورد مبنای ژنتیکی وراثت برای برنامه‌های اصلاحی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. مطالعه حاضر به‌صورت تلاقی دای‌آلل با استفاده از نه لاین برگزیده ذرت زودرس انجام شد. تعداد 36 هیبرید حاصل از تلاقی­های دای‌آلل یک‌طرفه در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، کشت و از نظر صفات عملکرد دانه، وزن هزار دانه، ارتفاع بوته، ارتفاع بلال، درصد رطوبت دانه و درصد چوب بلال طی دو سال زراعی 1399 و 1400 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب، تفاوت معنی‌داری را در سطوح احتمال یک و پنج درصد میان تلاقی‌ها از نظر تمامی صفات مورد بررسی نشان داد. تجزیه دای‌آلل به روش چهارم گریفینگ نشان داد که در کنترل وراثت صفات عملکرد دانه، ارتفاع بوته و ارتفاع بلال، ژن‌هایی با آثار افزایشی و غیر افزایشی دخالت داشتند، در حالی­که در وارثت صفات وزن هزار دانه، درصد رطوبت دانه و درصد چوب بلال، فقط ژن‌های با اثر افزایشی نقش داشتند. برآورد نسبت بیکر نیز نشان داد که اثر افزایشی ژن‌ها نقش بیش­تری در کنترل صفات وزن صد دانه، درصد چوب بلال، ارتفاع بوته، درصد رطوبت دانه، ارتفاع بلال و عملکرد دانه داشت. مطلوب‌ترین ترکیب‌شونده‌های عمومی برای عملکرد دانه، دو لاین NK79 و KE 77008/1 بودند، در حالی­که ترکیب‌پذیری خصوصی هیبریدهای KE 77005/2×K 1263/1 و KE 76009/311×K 1264/5-1 برای عملکرد دانه مثبت و معنی‌دار بود. به­طور کلی نتایج به­دست آمده از ترکییب‌پذیری عمومی و خصوصی نشان داد که استفاده از لاین‌های مورد مطالعه در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی برای اصلاح عملکرد دانه می­تواند امیدبخش باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Genetically analysis of grain yield and some agro-morphological characteristics of selected early maturity maize lines using diallel analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed Mohammad Sadegh Hosseini 1
  • Khodadad Mostafavi 2
  • Mohammadreza Shiri 3
  • Abdollah Mohammadi 2
  • Seied Mehdi Miri 4
1 Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Africulture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Africulture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3 Research Assist. Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
4 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Comprehensive information on the genetics basis of inheritance is important for breeding programs. The present study was performed as a diallel crosses using nine selected early maturity maize lines. Thirty-six hybrids resulting from their one-way diallel crosses were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during two years, 2020 and 2021. Based on two-year combined analysis of variance, a significant difference was observed in the probability levels of 5% and 1% between the crosses for all studied traits. Diallel analysis using fourth method of Griffing showed that both additive and non-additive effects of genes are involved in the genetic control of grain yield, plant height and ear height, but only genes with additive effects plays an important role in control of of 100-grain weight, grain moisture percentage and cob percentage. Estimation of Baker ratio also showed that the additive effects of genes had a greater role in controlling 100-grain weight, cob percentage, plant height, grain moisture percentage, ear height and grain yield. The most desirable general combinator for grain yield were two lines NK79 and KE 77008/1, while the specific combining ability of crosses KE 77005/2 × K 1263/1 and KE 76009/311 ×
K 1264 / 5-1 for grain yield were positive and significant. In total, the results of general and specific combining ability indicated that the use of studied lines and crosses to improve grain yield in breeding programs can be promising.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Baker ratio
  • Combining ability
  • Genetic diversity
  • Heritability
  • Yield components
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