تأثیر کاربرد ورمی کمپوست و محلول‌پاشی عنصر روی بر عملکرد و کیفیت نانوایی گندم تحت شرایط محدودیت رطوبت انتهای فصل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران

3 مربی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران

چکیده

در بخش‌هایی از ایران کمبود رطوبت و تنش خشکی در مراحل پایانی رشد گندم، سبب کاهش عملکرد آن می‌شود. استفاده از برخی تیمارهای کودی می‌تواند به کاهش آسیب­های ناشی از این تنش کمک کند. به‌منظور بررسی اثرات کود ورمی­کمپوست و محلول‌پاشی عنصر روی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و صفات کیفی گندم نان (رقم چمران2) تحت شرایط تنش محدودیت رطوبت انتهای فصل، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با هشت تیمار و سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان طی سال زراعی 98-1397 انجام شد. عامل اصلی شامل تنش محدودیت رطوبت در دو سطح (آبیاری کامل تا انتهای فصل رشد و قطع آبیاری از ابتدای مرحله پر شدن دانه) و عامل فرعی شامل ترکیب فاکتوریل دو فاکتور یعنی ورمی­کمپوست در دو سطح (عدم کاربرد و کاربرد ورمی­کمپوست به­میزان پنج‌تن در هکتار) و محلول‌پاشی عنصر روی در دو سطح (محلول‌پاشی با آب خالص و محلول‌پاشی سه در هزار سولفات روی معادل 36/0 گرم در متر مربع) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش رطوبتی باعث کاهش معنی­دار وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت و افزایش عدد فالینگ شد. اثر متقابل سه­گانه تنش رطوبتی، ورمی­کمپوست و کاربرد روی بر درصد پروتئین و رسوب زلنی معنی­دار بود. ورمی­کمپوست سبب افزایش عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی، شاخص برداشت، درصد پروتئین و رسوب زلنی و کمیت و کیفیت گندم به‌ویژه تحت شرایط عدم تنش رطوبتی شد. محلول‌پاشی روی نیز به­طور معنی­داری عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی، محتوای روی دانه، درصد پروتئین و رسوب زلنی را افزایش داد. در مجموع نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که کاربرد تلفیقی و نیز جداگانه ورمی­کمپوست و محلول‌پاشی روی موجب کاهش خسارت کمبود رطوبت بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی گندم شد و بنابراین، کاربرد آن‌ها به‌عنوان یک راهکار مناسب در منطقه خرم‌آباد به­ویژه تحت شرایط محدودیت رطوبت آخر فصل توصیه می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of vermicompost and zinc element foliar application on yield and baking quality of wheat under terminal moisture limitation stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Toulabi 1
  • Hamid Reza Eisvand 2
  • Darush Goodarzi 3
1 M. Sc. Student, Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
3 Scientific Member, Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In some regions of Iran, drought stress generally reduces yield at the final stages of wheat growth. This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of vermicompost and zinc foliar application on yield, yield components and quality traits of bread wheat (Chamran 2) under terminal moisture limitation stress, during 2018-19 in the research farm of the faculty of Agriculture of Lorestan University. The experiment was carried out as split-factorial based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with eight treatments and three replications. The main factor was moisture limitation stress (full irrigation until the end of the growing season and cessation of irrigation from the beginning of grain filling) and sub-factors were vermicompost (no application, and application of vermicompost 5 t ha-1) and foliar application of zinc (distilled water and zinc sulfate solution 3/1000 (w/v) equals to 0.36 g zinc sulfate m-2). The results showed that moisture limitation stress significantly reduced the 1000-grain weight, grain yield, harvest index, and Falling number. Interaction of moisture limitation × vermicompost × zinc was significant for grain protein and Zeleny sedimentation. Application of vermicompost increased grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, grain protein and Zeleny sedimentation thereby improved quantity and quality of wheat grain particularly under non-moisture limitation condition. Zinc foliar application also significantly increased the grain yield, biological yield, grain zinc content, protein percentage and Zeleny sedimentation. Combined and separate application of vermicompost and zinc foliar application reduced the damage of moisture limitation stress on the quantitative and qualitative yield of wheat. Therefore, use of them is recommended as a crop management practice in Khorramabad climatic condition particularly where terminal moisture limitation stress is usually occur.                                                                                                  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chamra 2 cultivar
  • Drought stress
  • Foliar nutrition
  • Organic fertilizer
  • Zeleny sedimentation
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