ارزیابی صفات بیوشیمیایی و بیان برخی ژن‎ها در ارقام هیبرید ذرت تحت شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

ذرت باتوجه به تامین غذای انسان از جایگاه ویژه­ای در بین گیاهان زراعی برخوردار است. پژوهشگران دریافته‎اند که خشکی رابطه مستقیمی با محدودیت توسعه کشت و تولید ذرت در دنیا دارد. تنش خشکی عامل کاهش 17 درصدی عملکرد سالانه ذرت دانه‎ای در جهان است. این مطالعه به­منظور ارزیابی اثر تنش خشکی بر بیان برخی ژن‎ها و صفات بیوشیمیایی مرتبط با تحمل به خشکی در ارقام ذرت تحت شرایط مزرعه­ای صورت گرفت. آزمایش به­صورت کرت‎های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اصلی، تنش  خشکی در سه سطح  شامل تبخیر از تشتک کلاس A با مقدار 5±75 میلی‎متر (شرایط نرمال به­عنوان شاهد)، 5±115میلی‎متر ( تنش متوسط) و 5±140 میلی‎متر (تنش شدید) و فاکتور فرعی شامل سه هیبرید ذرت (هیبرید دیررس کارون، هیبرید دیررس 704 و هیبرید متوسط­رس مبین) بود. صفات مورد ارزیابی نیز شامل مقادیر آبسزیک اسید و ایندول استیک اسید و میزان بیان ژن‎های MIPS، ZmFER1 و ZmPR10 بود. نمونه­برداری در سه مرحله چهار برگی، گرده­افشانی و 10 روز بعد از گرده­افشانی صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که هیبرید کارون اختلاف معنی‏داری با سایر ارقام از لحاظ محتوای آبسیزیک اسید و ایندول استیک اسید (به­ترتیب 345 و 468 نانوگرم بر گرم وزن تر) تحت شرایط تنش شدید و ده روز بعد از گرده افشانی داشت و تحمل بیش­تری نسبت به تنش خشکی نشان داد. ارزیابی ژن‎های MIPS، ZmFER1 و ZmPR10 نیز نشان داد که در بین هیبریدهای مورد مطالعه، هیبرید کارون بیان ژن بیش­تری نسبت به شاهد در سطوح مختلف تنش و تقریباً در تمام مراحل مورد اندازه گیری داشت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که محتوای بیش­تر هورمون‏‏های آبسزیک اسید و ایندول استیک اسید و نیز بیان بالاتر ژن‏های مورد مطالعه در القای تحمل به تنش خشکی مؤثر است و در بین هیبریدهای مورد مطالعه نیز هیبرید کارون با داشتن محتوای بالاتر این هورمون‏ها و بیان بالاتر ژن‏ها نسبت به سایر ارقام، از تحمل بالاتری نسبت به تنش خشکی برخوردار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of biochemical traits and some gene expression in maize hybrids under drought stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Sahraei Ghamesh 1
  • Saied Navabpour 2
  • Ahad Yamchi 2
  • Abolfazl Mazandarani 3
1 M. Sc. Student, Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Ph. D. Graduated, Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Among the crop plants, maize has a quite special status for supplying human food. Researchers have found that drought has a direct relationship with the limitation of corn cultivation and production in the world. Drought stress cause about 17% decrease in the annual grain maize yield in the world. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of drought stress on some gene expression and biochemical traits related to drought tolerance in maize under field conditions. The experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was drought stress in three levels including 75±5 mm (normal conditions as control), 115±5 mm (mild stress) and 140±5 mm (severe stress) evaporation from the class A evaporation pan, and sub-factor included three maize hybrids, Karoon and SC704 (late maturity hybrids) and Mobin (mediun early maturity hybrid). The measured traits included the amount of abscisic acid (ABA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) and expression of MIPS, ZmFer1 and ZmPR10 genes. Sampling was done in three growth stages including four leaves, pollination and 10 days after pollination. The results showed Karoon hybrid had a significant difference with the other hybrids under under severe stress conditions and ten days after pollination for ABA and IAA content (345 and 468 ng/g fresh weight, respectively) and showed more tolerance to drought stress. The evaluation of MIPS, ZmFER1 and ZmPR10 genes also showed that among the studied hybrids, Karoon hybrid had more gene expression in different stress levels than the control and in almost all measured stages. The results of this research showed that the higher content of abscisic acid and indole acetic acid hormones as well as the higher expression of the studied genes are effective in inducing drought stress tolerance and among the studied hybrids, Karoon with the higher content of these hormones and the higher expression of genes compared to the other cultivars had higher tolerance to drought stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochemical traits
  • gene expression
  • maize
  • drought stress
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