سنجش و ارزیابی پایداری نظام زراعی کشت برنج با استفاده از روش شاخص ترکیبی (مورد مطالعه: شهرستان لاهیجان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: در دهه‌های گذشته افزایش استفاده از بذرهای پر­بازده، کودهای شیمیایی، آفت‌کش‌ها و آب، به­همراه هزینه‌های بالای تولید، عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی را به­طور چشم­گیری افزایش داده است که این امر منجر به افزایش وابستگی به مصرف نهاده‌های تجدید‌ناپذیر در بخش کشاورزی و تخریب محیط زیست شده است. از این‌رو سنجش پایداری و شناخت عوامل موثر بر آن می‌تواند در تدوین سیاست‌ها و راهبردهای کشاورزی پایدار نقش مهمی را ایفا کند. با این رویکرد مطالعه حاضر به سنجش و ارزیابی پایداری نظام زراعی کشت برنج در شهرستان لاهیجان پرداخته است.
مواد و روش‌‌ها: اطلاعات مورد نیاز این تحقیق به­صورت مصاحبه حضوری و با تکمیل پرسش­نامه از کشاورزان شالیکار شهرستان لاهیجان در سال زراعی 1400 جمع‌آوری شد. برای تعیین حجم نمونه از روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای متناسب با حجم استفاده شد. در ادامه الگوی بهینه برای هر کشاورز با استفاده از شاخص ترکیبی به روش انحراف از مقدار بهینه، مشخص و در انتها به­منظور تعیین وزن شاخص‌های اجتمـاعی، اقتصـادی و اکولوژیک از روش فرآینـد تحلیـل سلسله مراتبی یا AHP (Hierarchical Analysis Process) استفاده شد.
یافته‌های تحقیق: نتـایج محاسبه وزن شاخص‌ها نشان داد که شاخص‌های اکولوژیکی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی به­ترتیب با وزن 558/0، 320/0 و 122/0 بیش­ترین اهمیت را در ارزیابی سطح پایداری نظام تولید برنج داشتند. افزون بر این، نتایج نشان داد که ارقام بومی و کم­محصول از نظر شاخص‌های پایداری وضعیت مطلوب‌تری  داشتند و کشاورزانی که از عملیـات مـدیریت اگرواکولوژیـک  بهره برده­اند، از نظر پایداری اکولوژیک و اقتصادی و نیز پایـداری کـل در سـطحی بالاتر قرار گرفتند. ضمن آن که بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، کشاورزان دارای اراضی یک­جا و متمرکز از نظر پایداری اقتصادی و پایداری کل، دارای وضعیت مطلوب­تری بودند. مقایسه شاخص­های مدیریتی نیز نشان داد که زیرشاخص مدیریت اگرواکولوژیک بیش­ترین اهمیـت را در بـین زیرشاخص‌های اکولوژیک داشت و در بین زیرشاخص‌های اجتماعی نیـز مشارکت روستایی دارای اهمیت بیش­تری بود. همچنین زیرشاخص حاشیه سود ناخالص نیز در بین زیرشاخص‌های اقتصادی وزن نسبی بیش­تری را دارا بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که شرکت در کلاس‌های ترویجی در پایداری کشت برنج تاثیر مستقیم و معنی‌داری داشت و علاوه بر این، کشاورزانی که از عملیـات مـدیریت اگرواکولوژیـک بهره برده­اند، در سـطح پایداری مطلوب‌تری قرار داشتند. بنابراین، پیشنهاد می‌شود خدمات حمایتی و مهارت‌های عملیات پایدارمحور در بین کشاورزان تقویت شود و استفاده بیش­تر از عملیات مدیریت اگرواکولوژیک در سطح مزرعه تشویق و ترویج شود. همچنین، نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که کشاورزانی که دارای اراضی یک­جا و متمرکزی بودند، از نظر پایداری اقتصادی و پایداری کل وضعیت مطلوب‌تری داشتند. بنابراین حرکت به سوی اندازه‌های بزرگ­تر مزرعه می‌تواند تاثیر مثبت بر پایداری کشت برنج داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Measuring and evaluating the sustainability of the paddy farming system using the combined index method (A case study: Lahijan county)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Khaizran Hasanpour 1
  • Reza Esfanjari kenari 2
  • Mohammad Karim Motamed 3
1 Graduated M.Sc., Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
 In the past decades, the increase in the use of high-yielding seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and water, along with high production costs, has increased the yield of agricultural products significantly. This has led to an increase in dependence on the consumption of non-renewable inputs in the agricultural sector and environmental damage. Therefore, measuring sustainability and knowing the factors affecting it can play an important role in formulating sustainable agricultural policies and strategies. With this approach, the present study measures and evaluates the sustainability of the paddy farming system in Lahijan county.
Materials and methods
 In this study, the required information was collected in the form of face-to-face interviews and by completing a questionnaire from paddy farmers in Lahijan county in the crop year of 2021. In addition, stratified sampling was used to determine the sample size. In the following, by using the combined index by the method of deviation from the optimal value, the optimal pattern for each farmer was determined; Finally, the hierarchical analysis process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of social, economic and ecological indicators.
Research findings
The results of calculating the weight of indicators showed that ecological, economic and social indicators with weights of 0.558, 0.320 and 0.122, respectively, were the most important in evaluating the level of sustainability of the paddy production system. In addition, the results showed that the local and low-yielding cultivars had a more favorable situation in terms of sustainability indicators, and the farmers who benefited from agro-ecological management operations were at a higher levels in terms of ecological and economic sustainability as well as the overall sustainability. Besides, based on the results of the current study, farmers with single and concentrated lands had a more favorable situation in terms of economic stability and overall stability. Comparison of the management indicators also showed that the sub-index of agro-ecological management was the most important among the ecological sub-indices, and the rural participation was more important among the social sub-indices. Furthermore, the sub-index of gross profit margin had a higher relative weight among the economic sub-indices.
 Conclusion
The results showed that participation in extension classes has a direct and significant effect on the sustainability of paddy cultivation, while the farmers who benefited from agro-ecological management operations were at a more favorable level of sustainability. Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen support services and sustainable operation skills among farmers and to encourage and promote more use of agro-ecological management operations at the farm level. Also, the results of the current study showed that farmers with single and concentrated lands had a more favorable situation in terms of economic stability as well as overall stability. Therefore, moving to larger farm sizes can have a positive effect on the sustainability of paddy cultivation.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agro-ecological management
  • Composite index
  • Hierarchical analysis process (AHP)
  • Lahijan county

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تحقیقات غلات
دوره 12، شماره 4
اسفند 1401
صفحه 333-348

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