اثر مصرف کودهای آلی، زیستی، معدنی و تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد بر انتقال مجدد مواد و مولفه های پر شدن دانه جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) تحت شرایط کمبود آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: خشکی یکی از مهم‌ترین فاکتورهای موثر بر عملکرد به­ویژه در زراعت آبی در مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک جهان است. کاربرد برخی از تعدیل کننده­ها­ی تنش (ورمی­کمپوست، مایکوریزا و پوترسین و نانواکسید­ روی)، رشد، عملکرد و مقاومت گیاهان در برابر انواع تنش­های محیطی از جمله خشکی را افزایش می­دهند. اگرچه اثر هر یک از این ترکیبات به­تنهایی بر تعدیل اثرات ناشی از تنش بررسی شده است، اما گزارش­های کم­تری در مورد برهم­کنش توام این عوامل وجود دارد. در این آزمایش، اثر توأم کودهای آلی، زیستی و معدنی و تنظیم کننده­های رشد بر بهبود فتوسنتز جاری، فرآیند انتقال مجدد مواد، مولفه­های پر شدن دانه و عملکرد دانه جو تحت شرایط کمبود آب مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.
مواد و روش: به­منظور ارزیابی برهم­کنش برخی تعدیل‌کننده­ها­ی تنش (ورمی­کمپوست، میکوریز، روی و پوترسین) بر سهم فرآیند انتقال مجدد و مولفه­های پر شدن دانه جو تحت شرایط تنش کمبود آب، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1401 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری کامل به‌عنوان شاهد، قطع آبیاری در 50 درصد مراحل سنبله­دهی و آبستنی معادل کد 55 و 43 مقیاس BBCH به­ترتیب به­عنوان محدودیت ملایم و شدید آبی)، کاربرد کودهای زیستی، آلی و معدنی در چهار سطح (عدم کاربرد کود به‌عنوان شاهد، کاربرد ورمی­کمپوست، کاربرد مایکوریزا و کاربرد مخلوط ورمی­کمپوست و مایکوریزا)، و محلول­پاشی پوترسین و نانواکسید روی در چهار سطح (محلول­پاشی با آب به­عنوان شاهد، محلول­پاشی 4/0 گرم بر لیتر نانواکسید روی، محلول­پاشی 8/0 میلی­مولار پوترسین، محلول‌پاشی توام روی و پوترسین) بودند. قارج مایکوریز گونه موسه­آ از شرکت زیست فناوران توران خریداری و بر اساس دستورالعمل شرکت، 10 گرم در هر کیلوگرم خاک مصرف شد. ورمی­کمپوست از شرکت گیلدا خریداری و بر اساس دستوالعمل شرکت، 50 گرم در هر کیلوگرم خاک استفاده شد. نانواکسید روی تولید کشور چین با متوسط اندازه ذرات کم­تر از 30 نانومتر، سطح ویژه بیش از 30 مترمربع در هر گرم، محتوای روی در حدود 21/65 درصد و خلوص 99 درصد، از شرکت جهان کیمیای ارومیه خریداری شد. رقم جو مورد استفاده در این آزمایش رقم نوبهار بود که با تراکم 400 بذر در متر مربع کشت شد.
یافته­ های تحقیق: نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد توام تعدیل‌کننده­ها­ی تنش (ورمی­کمپوست، مایکوریز، نانواکسید روی و پوترسین) تحت شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله آبستنی، انتقال مجدد ماده خشک از اندام هوایی و ساقه را به­ترتیب 32/22 و 65/25 درصد و سهم این صفات در عملکرد دانه را به‌ترتیب 92/52 و 95/56 درصد نسبت به شرایط عدم کاربرد کودهای زیستی و عدم محلول‌پاشی پوترسین و روی کاهش داد. در مقابل، کاربرد توام تعدیل­کننده­ها­ی تنش در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله آبستنی موجب افزایش کلروفیل کل (91/24 درصد)، فتوسنتز جاری (57/62 درصد)، سهم فتوسنتز جاری در عملکرد دانه (54/30 درصد)، سرعت پر شدن دانه (62/6 درصد)، طول دوره پر شدن دانه (06/18 درصد)، دوره موثر پرشدن دانه (67/27 درصد) و عملکرد دانه (18/25 درصد) نسبت به عدم کاربرد کود­ها­ی زیستی و محلول‌پاشی تحت این شرایط شد.
نتیجه­ گیری: یافته­ها­ی این آزمایش نشان داد که کاربرد تعدیل­کننده­ها­ی تنش (ورمی­کمپوست، مایکوریزا و محلول­پاشی پوترسین و نانواکسید­ روی) می­تواند با بهبود فتوسنتز جاری و مولفه­ها­ی پر شدن دانه، موجب افزایش عملکرد دانه جو تحت شرایط محدودیت آبی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of biofertilizer, organic and inorganic fertilizer and plant growth regulators on dry matter remobilization and grain filling components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under water deficit conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sara Mohammadi Kalesarlou 1
  • Raouf Seyed Sharifi 2
  • Mohammad Sedgi 2
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Drought stress is one of the most important factors affecting crop yield especially in irrigated agriculture in arid and semiarid regions. Application of some stress modulators (vermicompost, mycorrhiza, putrescine and zinc nanooxide) increases growth, yield and the resistance of plants against various environmental stresses such as drought. However, the effect of these compounds alone has been investigated on modulating the effects of stress, there are fewer reports about their interaction effects. In this experiment, the interaction effects of organic, biological and mineral fertilizers and stress modulators were investigated on the improvement of current photosynthesis, dry matter remobilization process, grain filling components and grain yield of barley under water deficit conditions.
Materials and methods
To investigate the interaction effects of some stress modulators (vermicompost, mycorrhiza, zinc nanooxide and putrescine) on the contribution of dry matter remobilization and grain filling components of barley under water deficit stress conditions, a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, in 2022. The experimental factors were included irrigation in three levels (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% of the heading and 50% of the booting stages, equal to codes 55 and 43 of BBCH scale, as moderate and severe water limitation, respectively), application of biofertilizer, and organic and inorganic fertilizers in four levels (no application of fertilizers as control, application of vermicompost, application of mycorrhiza, combined application of vermicompost and mycorrhiza), and foliar application of putrescine and zinc nanooxide in four levels (foliar application of water as control, foliar application of 0.4 g.L-1 Zn nanooxide, foliar application of 0.8 mM putrescine, combined foliar application of Zn nanooxide and putrescine). Mycorrhiza fungus (mosseae species) was purchased from Zist Fanavar Turan company and according to copany’s protocol, 10 g per kg soil was used. Vermicompost was purchased from Gilda company and according to copany’s protocol, 50 g per kg soil was used. Zinc nanooxide production of China, with an average particle size of less than 30 nm, a specific surface of more than 30 m2.g-1, a Zn content of about 65.21% and a purity of 99%, was purchased from Jahan Kimia company, Urmia, Iran. The barley variety used in the experiment was Nobahar variety, which was cultivated with a plant density of 400 seeds per m2.
 
Research findings
The results showed that the combined application of stress modulators (vermicompost, mycorrhizal, Zn nanooxide and putrescine) under irrigation withholding at booting stage conditions decreased dry matter remobilization from shoot and stem (22.32% and 25.65%, respectively) and their contribution in grain yield (52.92% and 56.95%, respectively) compared to the no application of biofertilizers and no foliar application of putrescine and Zn. In contrast, application of stress modulators under irrigation withholding in booting stage conditions increased total chlorophyll (24.91%), current photosynthesis (62.57%), contribution of current photosynthesis in grain yield (30.54%), grain filling rate (6.62%), grain filling period (18.06%), effective grain filling period (27.67%) and grain yield (25.18%) compared to the no application of biofertilizers and no foliar application of putrescine and Zn.
Conclusion
The findings of the current experiment showed that the application of stress modulators (vermicompost, mycorrhizal, Zn nanooxide and putrescine) can increase grain yield of barley under water limitation conditions by improving the current photosynthesis and grain filling components.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Current photosynthesis
  • Drought
  • Grain filling rate
  • Foliar application
  • Total chlorophyll

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تحقیقات غلات
دوره 12، شماره 4
اسفند 1401
صفحه 417-433

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