تحلیل پایداری اجتماعی تولید برنج در شهرستان شفت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: در صنعت کشاورزی و مواد غذایی، چرخه حیات اجتماعی یک زمینه نوظهور است که هدف آن تعیین کمیت اثرات اجتماعی مانند شرایط کار، تاثیرات جامعه و نگرانی‌های حقوق بشر را در بر می‌گیرد. انتشار دستورالعمل ارزیابی چرخه حیات اجتماعی محصولات و خدمات در سال 2009 تحولی نو و شگرف در زمینه ارزیابی چرخه حیات به‌وجود آورد. در شرایط کنونی که به‌سمت توسعه پایدار و تولید و مصرف مسئولانه حرکت می‌کنیم، نه تنها لازم است به بهبود شرایط زیست‌محیطی توجه شود، بلکه باید به بهبود شرایط اجتماعی تولید محصولات نیز توجه کرد. ارزیابی چرخه حیات اجتماعی به‌عنوان مؤثرترین راه‌کار برای ارزیابی تأثیرات اجتماعی محصولات در طول چرخه حیات آن‌ها ارائه شده است. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثرات اجتماعی تولید برنج، وضعیت اجتماعی موجود و همچنین وضعیت مورد انتظار آن به‌منظور ارائه راه‌کارهای موثر و مفید جهت دستیابی به توسعه پایدار تولید برنج بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: تحقیق حاضر در سال 1403 در شهرستان شفت استان گیلان انجام شد. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، تعداد 407 نمونه تعیین شد که به‌صورت تصادفی از جامعه آماری انتخاب شدند. جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه، پنج گروه از ذینفعان شامل مدیران کارخانه‌های شالی‌کوبی (44 نفر)، کارگران کارخانه‌های شالی‌کوبی (78 نفر)، شالی‌کاران (95 نفر)، کارگران مزارع شالی (95 نفر) و جامعه محلی (95 نفر) بودند. به‌منظور بررسی اثرات اجتماعی تولید برنج چهار شاخص اجتماعی شامل حقوق انسانی، میراث فرهنگی و توسعه جامعه، شرایط کاری و پیامدهای اقتصادی- اجتماعی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. اطلاعات مورد نیاز به‌صورت میدانی و با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه محقق ساخته به‌دست آمد.
یافته‌های تحقیق: نتایج این مطالعه در مجموع نشان داد که شرایط اجتماعی حاکم بر چرخه تولید برنج در شهرستان شفت، نسبتاً مطلوب بود. از دیدگاه گروه ذینفع کارگران کارخانه‌ها و کارگران مزارع شالی، برخی از شاخص‌های اجتماعی مانند شرایط کاری، وضعیت متوسط و برخی دیگر مانند شاخص میراث فرهنگی و توسعه اجتماعی، وضعیت ضعیفی داشتند. همچنین، در دو زیرشاخص آزادی اجتماعی و مذاکرات دسته‌جمعی کارکنان با کارفرما و حقوق عادلانه، کارگران مزارع شالی وضعیت مطلوبی نداشتند. تعداد زیادی از کارگران نیز از حقوق اولیه خود بی‌اطلاع بودند که این امر باعث به‌وجود آمدن اختلافات کارگری و کارفرمایی و بی‌میلی کارگران نسبت به انجام درست کارها و در نتیجه نارضایتی هر دو گروه بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که اگرچه شرایط اجتماعی حاکم بر چرخه تولید برنج در جامعه مورد مطالعه در مجموع نسبتاً مطلوب یود، اما برخی از شاخص‌های اجتماعی وضعیت مناسبی نداشتند. با ارتقای رضایت‌مندی و رفاه کارگران، این بخش می‌تواند نیروی کار پایدارتر و مسئولیت‌پذیرتری باشد و به‌دنبال آن، جنبه‌های پایداری اجتماعی نیز در شرایط مطلوب‌تری قرار خواهند گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Social sustainability analysis of rice production in Shaft county

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Feizi 1
  • Reza Esfanjari Kenari 2
  • Mohammad Karim Motamed 3
1 Graduate M.Sc., Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
In the agricultural and food industry, social life cycle is an emerging field that aims to quantify social impacts such as working conditions, community effects and human rights concerns. The publication of the guidelines for social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) of products and services in 2009 marked a significant turning point in the field of life cycle assessment. In the current situation, where we are moving towards sustainable development and responsible production and consumption, it is essential not only to improve environmental conditions but also to enhance the social conditions of product production. Social life cycle assessment has been proposed as the most effective approach for evaluating the social impacts of products throughout their life cycle. The objective of this study is to investigate the social effects of rice production, the current social status, and the expected future status in order to provide effective and beneficial solutions for achieving sustainable rice production.
Materials and methods
This study was conducted in the Shaft county, Guilan province, Iran, in 2024. The sample size was determined to be 407 samples using Cochran's formula, which were randomly selected from the statistical population. The statistical population comprised five stakeholder groups, including rice mill managers (44 people), rice mill workers (78 people), rice farmers (95 people), farm workers (95 people), and the local community (95 people). To assess the social impacts of rice production, four social indicators were evaluated, including human rights, cultural heritage and community development, working conditions, and socio-economic consequences. The necessary information was gathered through field research using a researcher-developed questionnaire.
Research findings
The results of this study indicated that the social conditions governing the rice production cycle in Shaft county were relatively favorable. From the perspective of the stakeholder groups, including factory workers and farm laborers, some social indicators such as working conditions and average status, were found to be weak in terms of cultural heritage and social development. Additionally, in two sub-indicators, social freedom and collective bargaining between workers and employers, as well as fair rights, farm workers did not have a satisfactory situation. Many workers were also unaware of their basic rights, leading to labor disputes and a lack of motivation among workers to perform their tasks properly, resulting in dissatisfaction for both groups.
Conclusion
The findings of this study showed that although the social conditions governing the rice production cycle in the studied community were generally favorable, some social indicators did not have an adequate status. By enhancing the satisfaction and well-being of workers, this sector can achieve a more sustainable and responsible workforce, which in turn will lead to better conditions for social sustainability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Life cycle
  • Socio-economic indicators
  • Sustainable development
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