Arzani, H., Torkan, J., Jafari, M., Jalili, A. and Nikkhah, A. 2001. Efficacy of different phonologic periods and ecologic factors on several range grass quality. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 23: 384-395. (In Persian with English Abstract).#Ashiono, G. B., Gatuiku, S., Mwangi, P. and Akuja, T. E. 2005. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus application ongrowth and yield of dual-purpose sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), E1291, in the dry highlands of Kenya. Asian Journal of Plant Science 4: 379-403.#Bebawi, F. 1988. Forage sorghum production on a witchweed infected soil in relation to cutting height and nitrogen. Agronomy Journal 78: 827-832.#Bozorgvar, N. 1996. Determining the most suitable cultivar and N level based on the value of forage sorghum silage. M. Sc. Dissertation, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).#Bredemeier, C. 2005. Laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence sensing as a tool for site-specific nitrogen fertilizer evaluation under controlled environmental and field conditions in wheat and maize. Ph. D. Dissertation, Munich Technical University, Munich, Germany.#Clan, B. 1991. Dual purpose forage and grain sorghum nursery. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India.#Duli Zhao, K., Gopal Kakani, V. and Reddy, R. 2005. Nitrogen deficiency effects on plant growth, leaf photosynthesis and reflectance properties of sorghum. European Journal of Agronomy 22: 391-403.#Emam, Y. 2007. Cereal crops. 3rd Edition. Shiraz University Press, Shiraz, Iran. 190 p. (In Persian).#Esmail, S. H., Bulsen, K. and Pffaf, L. 1991. Maturity effects on chemical composition silage fermentation and digestibility of whole plant grain sorghum and soybean silage fed to beef cattle. Animal Feed Science Technology 33: 79-85.#Eweis, E. G., Mohamed, K. A. and Rayan, A. A. 1998. Interaction effect of number of irrigations and nitrogen rates on grain sorghum. Egyptian Journal of Applied Science 13: 396-403.#Fouman, A. 2005. Effect of plant density on the different characteristics of promising varieties of forage sorghum. Seed and Plant 21: 49-64. (In Persian with English Abstract).#Hoffman, P. C., Lundberg, K. M., Bauman, L. M. and Shaver. R. D. 2003. The effect of maturity on NDF digestibility. Focus on Forage 5: 1-3.#Jafari, A., Connolly, V. Forlich, A. and Walsh, E. J. 2003. A note on estimation of quality parameters in perennial ryegrass by near in-frared reflectance spectroscopy. Irish Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 42: 293-299.#Jarvis, S. C. 1996. Future trends in nitrogen research. Plant and Soil 181: 47-56.#Kohanmo, A. and Mazaheri, D. 2003. The effects of irrigation intervals and methods of N application on some quantitiative & qualitative characteristics of forage sorghum. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 5 (2): 75-85. (In Persian with English Abstract).#Majidian, M. 2008. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and water stress on agricultural systems in different growth stages on agronomic characteristics and quality of maize. Ph. D. Dissertation, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran (In Persian).#Malekooti, M. J. and Homayi, M. 2004. Soil fertility in arid areas (problems and solutions). Tarbiat Modarres University Press. 494 p. (In Persian).#Maranville, J. W. and Madhavan, S. 2002. Physiology adaption for nitrogen use efficiency in sorghum. Plant and Soil 245: 25-34.#Minson, D. J. 1982. Effect of chemical composition on feed digestibility and metabolizable energy. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 52: 592-602.#Mirlohi, A., Bozorgvar, N. and Basiri, M. 2000. The effect of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of forage sorghum silage Tuesday hybrids. Agricultural Science and Technology of and Natural Resources 2: 105-116. (In Persian with English Abstract).#Noormohammadi, G., Siyadat, A. and Kashani, A. 2007. Cereal crops. Shahid Chamran University Press, Ahvaz, Iran. 446 p. (In Persian).#Owen, F. G. and Moline, W. J. 1970. Sorghum for forage. In: Wall, J. S. and Ross, W. M. (Eds.). Sorghum production and utilization. West Port Connecticut, Avi Pub. Co. pp: 382-415.#Rahman, M., Fukai, S. and Blamey, F. P. C. 2001. Forage production and nitrogen uptake of forage sorghum, grain sorghum and maize as affected by cutting under different nitrogen levels. Preceeding of 10th Australian Agronomy Conference. Jan. 29-Feb. 1, 2001. Australian Society of Agronomy, Australia.#Rashed-Mohassel, M. H., Hoseini, M., Abdi, M. and Malafilabi, A. 1997. Cereal crops. Mashhad University Press, Mashhad, Iran. 406 p. (In Persian).#SAS, Institute. 1996. The SAS System Release. 6. 12. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.#Shoma, M., Saedi, H. and Nikpour, K. 1997. Feed for livestock and poultry and their maintenance procedures. Vol. II. Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran. 337 p. (In Persian).#Smith, K. F., Reed, K. F. M. and Foot, J. Z. 1997. An assessment of the relative importance of specifictraits for the genetic improvement of nutritive value in dairy pasture. Grass Forage Science 52: 167-175.#Soufi-Siavash, R. and Janmohammadi, H. 2000. Feed (Translation). Amidi Press, Iran. 838 p. (In Persian).#Thomas, H. and Norris, I. B. 1981. The effect of light and temperature during winter on growth and death in simulated swards of Lolium perenne. Grass Forage Science 36: 107-116.#Vanderlip, R. L. 1982. How sorghum develops. Kansas State University. Manhattan, Kansas, USA.#Wheeler, J. L. and Corbett, J. L. 1989. Criteria for breeding forages of improved nutritive value: Results of a Delphi survey. Grass Forage Science 44: 77- 83.#Wilman, D. and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 1998. In vitro digestibility and neutral detergent fiber and lignin content of plant parts of nine forage species. Journal of Agricultural Science 131: 51-58.#Young, K. L. and Long, S. P. 2000. Crop ecosystem responses to climatic change: Maize and sorghum. CABI Publishing, Wallingford. pp: 107-131.
)
