Effect of planting dates on grain filling of bread wheat genotypes under rain-fed condition of Gonbad-e-Qabus region

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph. D. Graduated, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

3 Research Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Cereals, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Maragheh, Iran

4 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad-e Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran

Abstract

Changing in planting date causes changing in plant phenology such as grain filling in wheat. In order to evaluate the effect of planting dates on grain filling trend of some bread wheat genotypes under rainfed condition, an experiment was conducted at agricultural research station of Gonbad-e Kavous, Iran, in 2012-13 growing season. Five planting times i.e.:  Dec. 2nd, Dec. 21st, Jan. 9th, Jan. 28th and Feb. 17th were considered as first and five wheat genotypes i.e.: line 16, Gonbad, Koohdasht, Karim and line 7 as second factor, respectively. The effect of planting date × wheat genotypes was highly significant for grain filling rate and final grain weight and significant for effective grain filling  period, whereas it was not significant for grain yield. With a delay in planting dates, grain yield of the wheat genotypes decreased. The highest and lowest grain yield were produced at the first and fifth planting dates, respectively. The highest grain yield was produced by Karim and the lowest yield was produced by Line 16. With a delay in planting, grain filling rate of the wheat genotypes increased. The highest grain filling rate (1.76 mg.day-1) was obtained with Koohdasht at fourth planting date and the lowest rate (1.44 mg.day-1) was observed in Line 16 at first planting date. The highest variation among genotypes for this trait throughout different planting dates was 0.46  mg.day-1 for Koohdasht and the least variation was for Gonbad cultivar with 0.14 mg.day-1 increase. The effective grain filling period of wheat genotypes decreased from 35.33 days to 18.37 days with a delay in planting dates. The highest final grain weight of the wheat genotypes at various planting dates decreased from 54.14 mg to 29.5 mg and the highest (19.4 mg) and the lowest (13.28 mg) reduction were for Gonbad and Karim cultivars, respectively. With an each 1o C increase in environment temperature from fifth to first planting date, grain filling duration reduced by 4.1 day and for each day delaying in planting date grain yield decreased by 51 kg.ha-1. The results of evaluation showed that the responsible of wheat genotypes on grain filling trend under unusual environmental conditions were different, thus it can be infer that such as studies will be use to identifying and selection of suitable wheat germplasms on wheat breeding programs under rainfed condition at Gonbad region. 

Keywords

References

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Cereal Research
Volume 6, Issue 3
December 2016
Pages 307-321

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