Assessing resistance to Fusarium head blight in bread and durum wheat genotypes under field conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Research Assistant Professor , Department of Crop and Horticulture Science Research, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran

2 Research Assistant Professor, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most important and damaging fungal diseases of wheat in different regions of the world, especially in warm and humid regions. FHB reduces grain yield as well as grain quality by contamining grains with mycotoxins. Widespread epidemics have occurred in different parts of the world in the last few decades. The most efficient, economical, and environmentally healthy method for managing and controlling this disease is to use resistant or tolerant wheat varieties. Resistant wheat varieties to FHB that are well adapted to the climatic conditions of all wheat production regions in the world have not yet been identified. The present study was conducted to identify resistant bread and durum wheat genotypes to Fusarium head blight. The findings of this study will provide breeders with valuable information about the resistance and susceptibility of bread and durum wheat genotypes to Fusarium head blight, which they can use to develop resistant wheat varieties in future breeding programs.
 
Materials and methods
In this study, 138 bread and durum wheat genotypes obtained from the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Maragheh, Iran, were evaluated for resistance to Fusarium head blight disease at the Araghi-Mahaleh Agricultural Research Station, Gorgan, Iran, during two cropping years (2022-23 and 2023-24). Spikes were inoculated using a suspension of pathogenic fungal spores twice at 50% flowering stage with an interval of two days. The evaluated traits in each genotype included disease incidence, disease severity, and disease index. For statistical analysis of the data, first the frequency distribution of each measured traits in the studied population was assessed, and then the pairwise correlation among the traits was separately calculated in each year. To group the studied bread and durum wheat genotypes, K-means cluster analysis was also used, and the relationship between the genotypes and the resulting clusters was examined using the multidimensional scaling method.
 
Research findings
The results of this study on bread and durum wheat genotypes evaluated in two years 2022-23 and 2023-24 showed that the average disease incidence was 32.36% and 39.35%, the average disease severity was 26.27% and 27.5%; and the average disease index was 11.27% and 13.14%, respectively. The studied genotypes using K-means cluster analysis grouped into seven distinct groups, and the third group consisting of 33 genotypes exhibited the lowest average disease incidence, disease severity, and disease index compared to the other groupes, and was identified as the most resistant group. These genotypes included G01 (Baran), G02 (Sadra), G04 (Jam), G06 (Shalan), G07 (Hoor), G11, G14, G16, G17, G18, G19, G20, G27, G29, G30, G31, G32, G34, G36, G37, G39, G42, G44, G45, G46, G47, G48, G54, G83, G94, G117, G132 and G139.
 
Conclusion
Among the 138 bread and durum wheat genotypes evaluated in this study, 33 genotypes were identified as resistant to Fusarium head blight. These genotypes which probably contain valuable resistance genes against Fusarium head blight disease, are recommended for use in future breeding programs to develop resistant varieties in bread and durum wheat.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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