Evaluation of genetic diversity of bread and durum wheat genotypes based on agronomy traits and some morphological traits in non-stress and terminal drought stress conditions

Authors

1 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran

3 M. Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

4 B. Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

Abstract

To evaluate the genetic diversity and the effect of terminal drought stress on grain yield and some morphological traits of wheat, an experiment was conducted using 56 wheat genotypes in a latis (7×8) with three replications under normal and terminal drought stress conditions in research farm of the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran, in 2010-2011 cropping season. The result of combined analysis of variance indicated high significant differences among genotypes for all studied traits including grain yield, number of grain per spike, 1000-grain weight, spike yield, biomass, harvest index and plant height. Terminal drought stress reduced 34.5% of spike yield, 30% of biomass, 27.2% of grain yield, 21.6% of number of grains per spike, 15.9% of 1000-grain weight, 6.13% of harvest index, 5.64% of plant height and 0.15% of peduncle weight, but it increased 1.47% and 0.20% of peduncle and penultimate internode length, respectively. There were high negative significant correlation between grain yield and penultimate internode length and also between biomass and harvest index under both non-stress and drougth stress conditions, whereas correlation between number of grain per spike and harvest index and between plant height and spike length was highly positive significant. The correlation analysis among grain yield under non-stress and terminal drought stress conditions with different drought tolerance indices showed that stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) indices were appropriate indicators to identify the high grain yield genotypes. On the basis of these indicators, Moghan-1, Navid, Golestan, Darab-2 and Marvdasht genotypes had the highest grain yield under both experimental conditions.

Keywords


Abdoli, M. and Saeidi, M. 2012. Using different indices for selection of resistant wheat cultivars to post anthesis water deficit in the west of Iran. Annals of Biological Research 3 (3): 1322-1333.#Abdoli, M. and Saeidi, M. 2013. Evaluation of water deficiency at the post anthesis and source limitation during grain filling on grain yield, yield formation, some morphological and phonological traits and gas exchange of bread wheat cultivars. Albanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 12 (2): 255-265.#Aghaee-Sarbarzeh, M. and Rostaee, M. 2008. Evaluation of advanced bread wheat genotypes under drought stress in moderate and cold area. Proceeding of 10th Iranian Congress of Crop Sciences. 18-20 Aug. 2008, Karaj, Iran. (In Persian).#Amiri, R., Bahraminejad, B. and Sasani, S. 2013. Evaluation of genetic diversity of bread wheat genotypes based on physiological traits in non-stress and terminal drought stress conditions. Cereal Research 2 (4): 289-305. (In Persian with English Abstract).#Ashkani, J., Pakniyat, H. and Ghotbi, V. 2007. Genetic evaluation of several physiological traits for screening of suitable spring safflower genotypes under stress and non-stress irrigation regimes. Pakistan Journal of Biology Science 10 (14): 2320-2326.#Blum, A. 1998. Improving wheat grain filling under stress by stem reserve mobilization. Euphytica 100: 77-83.#Blum, A., Golan, G., Mayer, J., Sinmena, B., Shpiler, L. and Burra, J. 1989. The drought response of landraces of wheat from the Northern Negev Desert of Israel. Euphytica 43: 87-96.#Debaeke, P. and Abdellah, A. 2004. Adaptation of crop management to water-limited environments. European Journal of Agronomy 21: 433-446.#Ehdaie, B., Alloush, G. A., Madore, M. A. and Waines, J. G. 2006a. Genotypic variation for stem reserves and mobilization in wheat. I: Post anthesis changes in internode dry matter. Crop Science 46: 735-746.#Ehdaie, B., Alloush, G. A., Madore, M. A. and Waines, J. G. 2006b. Genotypic variation for stem reserves and mobilization in wheat. II: Post anthesis changes in internode water-soluble carbohydrate. Crop Science 46: 2093-2103.#Ercoli, L., Lulli, L., Mariotti, M., Masoni A. and Arduini, I. 2007. Post-anthesis dry matter and nitrogen dynamics in durum wheat as affected by nitrogen supply and soil water availability. European Journal of Agronomy 28: 138-147.#FAO. 2010. Food and Agriculture Organization. Statistics: FAOSTAT agriculture. Retrieved November, 2010. From http://fao.org/crop/statistics.#Farshadfar, E., Jamshidi, B. and Aghaee, M. 2012. Biplot analysis of drought tolerance indicators in bread wheat lanraces of Iran. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 4 (5): 226-233.#Farshadfar, E., Zamani, M., Matlabi, M. and Emam-Jome, E. 2001. Selection for drought resistance in chickpea lines. Iranian Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 32 (1): 65-77. (In Persian with English Abstract).#Fernandez, G. C. J. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. Proceeding of International Symposium, 13-18 Aug., Taiwan. pp: 257-270.#Fischer, R. A. and Maurer, R. 1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I: Grain yield responses. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research 29: 897-912.#Gallagher, E. J. 1984. Cereal production. Butterworths. 354 Pages.#Golabadi, M. and Ghandi, A. 2012. Effect of extra nitrogen fertilizer on reduction of drought stress. Cereal Research 1 (1): 25-37. (In Persian with English Abstract).#Gravandi, M., Farshadfar, A. and Kahrizi, D. 2011. Evaluation of drought tolerance in bread wheat advanced genotypes in field and laboratory conditions. Seed and Plant 26: 252-233. (In Persian with English Abstract).#Heidari Sharifabad, H. 2008. Drought mitigation strategies for the agriculture sector. Proceeding of 10th Iranian Congress of Crop Sciences. 18-20 Aug. 2008, Karaj, Iran. (In Persian).#Izaddoost, H., Samizadeh, H., Rabiei, B. and Abdollahi, S. 2013. Evaluation of salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars and lines with emphasis on stress tolerance indices. Cereal Research 3 (3): 167-180. (In Persian with English Abstract).#Johnson, R. C., Witters, R. E. and Ciha, A. J. 1981. Daily patterns of apparent photosynthesis and evapotranspiration in developing winter wheat crop. Agronomy Journal 73: 414-418.#Khodarahmpour, Z., Choukan, R., Bihamta, M. R. and Majidi Hervan, E. 2009. Evaluation of response of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines to heat stress under Khuzestan conditions using stress tolerance indices. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 11 (1): 40-54. (In Persian with English Abstract).#Martinez, D. E., Luquez, V. M., Bartoli, C. G. and Guiamét, J. J. 2003. Persistence of photosynthetic components and photochemical efficiency in ears of water-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plant Physiology 119: 1-7.#Mitra, J. 2001. Genetics and genetic improvement of drought resistance in crop plants. Current Science 80: 758-763.3Naderi, A., Majidi-Harvan, I., Hashemi-Dezfoli, A., Rezaee, A. and Normohamadi, G. 1999. Analysis of efficiency of drought tolerance indices in crop plants and introduction of new criteria. Seed and Plant 15: 390-402. (In Persian with English Abstract).#Pandy, R. K., Maronville, J. W. and Admou, A. 2001. Tropical wheat response to irrigation and nitrogen in a Sahelian environment. I: Grain yield, yield components and water use efficiency. European Journal of Agronomy 15: 93-105.#Pantuwan, G., Fukai, S., Cooper, M., Rajatasereeku, S. and Toole, J. C. O. 2002. Yield response of rice (Oriza sativa L.) genotypes to different types of drought under rainfed lowlands. I: Grain yield and yield components. Fied Crops Research 73: 153-168.#Reynolds, M., Foulkes, M. J., Slafer, G. A., Berry, P., Parry, M. A. J., Snape, J. W. and Angus, W. J. 2009. Raising yield potential in wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany 60: 1899-1918.#Richards, R. A., Condon, A. G. and Robetzke, G. J. 2002. Traits to improve yield in dry environments. In: Reynolds, M. P., Ortiz-Monasterio, J. I. and McNab, A. (Eds.). Application of physiology in wheat breeding. Mexico. D. F. CIMMYT. pp: 88-100.#Rivero, R. M., Shulaev, V. and Blumwald, E. 2009. Cytokinin-dependent photorespiration and the protection of photosynthesis during water deficit. Plant Physiology 150: 1530-1540.#Roostaei, M., Sadeghzadeh, D., Esmailzadeh, H. and Arshad, Y. 2003. Assessment to relationships of yield related traits in dry conditions using factor analysis method. Electronic Journal of Agricultural Science 13: 1-10. (In Persian with English Abstract).#Rosielle, A. T. and Hamblin, J. 1981. Theoretical aspect of selection for yield in stress and non-stress environment. Crop Science 21: 493-498.#Royo, C., Miloudi, M. M., Fonze, N. D., Arraus, J. L., Pfeiffer, W. H. and Slafer, G. A. 2005. Durum wheat breeding current approaches and future strategies. Vol 1. Food Product Press.#Saeidi, M., Abdoli, M., Azhand, M. and Khas-Amiri, M. 2013. Evaluation of drought resistance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars using agronomic characteristics and drought tolerance indices. Albanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 12 (4): 545-554.#Saeidi, M., Moradi, F., Ahmadi, A., Sepehri, R., Najafian, G. and Shabani, A. 2010. The effects of terminal water stress on physiological characteristics and sink-source relations in two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 12 (4): 392-408. (In Persian with English Abstract).#Siose-Mardeh, A., Ahmadi, A., Poustini, K. and Mohammadi, V. 2006. Evaluation of drought tolerance indices under various environmental conditions. Field Crops Research 98: 222-229. (In Persian with English Abstract).#Talebi, R., Fayaz, F. and Naji, A. M. 2009. Effective selection criteria for assessing drought stress tolerance in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). General and Applied Plant Physiology 35: 64-74.#Trethowan, R. M. and Reynolds, M. 2007. Drought resistance: Genetic approaches for improving productivity under stress. In: Buck H. T., Nisi, J. E. and Salomon, N. (Eds.). Wheat production in stressed environments. Springer, Netherlands. pp: 289-299.#Valizadeh, M., Mahmoodian, Z., Mohammadzadeh Jalaly, H., Ghafari A. and Roostaei, M. 2012. Response of advanced winter wheat genotypes to drought stress using agronomic traits and protein patterns. Cereal Research 1 (1): 11-24. (In Persian with English Abstract).#Van Ginkel, M., Calhoun, D. S., Gebeyehu, G., Miranda, A., Tianyou, C., Pargas Lara, R., Trethwan, R. M., Sayre, K., Crossa, J. and Rajaram, S. 1998. Plant traits related to yield of wheat in early, late and continuos drought conditions. In Braun, H. J., Altay, F., Koronstad, W. E., Beniwal, S. P. S. and McNab, A. (Eds.). Wheat: Prospects for global improvement. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. pp: 167-179.#Yang, J. and Zang, J. 2006. Grain filling of cereals under soil drying. New Phytologist 169: 223-236.#Zarei, L. 2007. Evaluation of physiological index related to drought and adaptation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). M. Sc Dissertation, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran. (In Persian).