Effect of fungus Piriformospora indica on the grain yield, absorption and radiation use efficiency of millet under different irrigation regimes

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran

2 Ph. D. Graduated, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran

Abstract

To investigate the effect of Piriformospora indica fungus on absorption and radiation use efficiency of millet under water stress, an experiment was carried out as a split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications in research field of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran, during 2014 and 2015. The main factor was irrigation in three levels (irrigation after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from pan class A) and sub factor was in two levels of fungus P. indica (inoculated and non-inoculated). In the both years, water stress decreased leaf area and dry matter accumulation of millet. Inoculation with fungus, increased leaf area and dry matter of millet plants in different irrigation levels. The highest radiation use efficiency (2.31 and 2.53 g.MJ-1 in 1st and 2nd years, respectively) was obtained in inoculated millet plants under well-watered, and the lowest (1.96 and 2.08 g.MJ-1 in 1st and 2nd years, respectively) was observed in non-inoculated plants under severe water stress. Severe water stress significantly decreased grain yield of millet in both 1st and 2nd years about 57.53 and 46.91 percent, respectively. Under severe water stress, inoculating increased grain yield by 35.34 and 32.50 percent in 1st and 2nd years, respectively, compared to control (non-inoculated). The results showed P. indica fungus, had a positive effect on absorption and radiation use efficiency of millet in different irrigation levels, so that the application of fungus mitigated the effects of water stress and improved the yield of millet under water stress.

Keywords


Acreche, M. M.andSlafer, G. A. 2009. Grain weight, radiation interception and use efficiency as affected by sink strength in Mediterranean wheat released from 1940 to 2005. Field Crops Research 110: 98-105.##Akmal, M. and Janssens, M. J. J. 2004. Productivity and light use efficiency of perennial ryegrass with contrasting water and nitrogen supplies. Field Crops Research 8: 143-155.##Ali, H., Tariq, S., Ahmad, S., Rashed, M. and Hussian, A. 2012. Growth and radiation use efficiency of  wheat as affected by different irrigation levels and phosphorus application methods. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 22 (4): 1118-1125.##Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D. and Smith, M. 1998. Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56. FAO, Rome.##Amiri, M. J. and Eslamian, S. S. 2010.Investigation of climate change in iran. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 3 (4): 208-216.##Anjum, S. A., Xie, X., Wang, L., Saleem, M. F., Man, C. and Lei, W. 2011. Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress. African Journal of Agriculture Research 6 (9): 2026-2032.##Arvin, P. and Vafabakhsh, J. 2016. Study of drought and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on radiation use efficiency and dry matter partitioning into pod in different cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Iranian Journal of Agroecology 8 (1): 134-152. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Bagheri, A. A., Saadatmand, S., Niknam, V., Nejadsatari, V. and Babaeizad, V. 2013.Effect of endophytic fungus, Piriformosporaindica, on growth and activity of antioxidant enzymes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under salinity stress.International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research 11: 1337-1350.##Bat-Oyun, T. M., Shinoda, M. and Tsubo, M. 2011. Effects of water and temperature stresses on radiation use efficiency in a semi-arid grassland. Journal of Plant Interaction 7: 214-224.##Doorenbos, J. and Kassam, A. 1979. Yield response to water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, No. 33.FAO, Rome.##Earl, H. J. and Davis, R. F. 2003.Effect of drought stress on leaf and whole canopy radiation use efficiency and yield of maize.Agronomy Journal 95: 688-696.##Ezzat-Ahmadi, M., Noor-Mohammadi, G., Moghaddasi, M. and Kafi, M. 2012. Evaluation of radiation and water use efficiency in bread wheat genotypes in condition of different photosynthetic and moisture stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 10 (1): 225-239. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Garofalo, P. and Rinaldi, M. 2015. Leaf as exchange and radiation use efficiency of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in response to different deficit irrigation strategies: From solar radiation to plant growth analysis. European JournalofAgronomy 64: 88-97.##Ghabooli, M., Khatabi, B., Ahmadi, S., Sepehri, M., Mirzaei, M., Amirkhani, A., Jorrin, J. V. and Salekdeh, G. H. 2013. Proteomics study reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying water stress tolerance induced by Piriformospora indica in barley. Journal of Proteomics 94: 289-301.##Ghosh, D. C. 2004.Growth and productivity of summer sesame (Sesamumindicum) as influenced by biofertilizer and growth-regulator.Indian Journal of Agronomy 45(2): 389-394.##Goudriaan, J. and van Laar, H. H. 1994.Modelling potential crop growth processes. Kluwer Academic Press.##Hakan, O. 2002.Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on growth, yield and yield components of two summer rapseed cultivars.Agronomy Journal 19: 453-463.##Han, H., Li, Z., Ning, T., Zhang, X., Shan, Y. and Bai, M. 2008. Radiation use efficiency and yield of winter wheat under deficit irrigation in North China. Plant, Soil and Environment 54: 313-319.##Hill, T. W. and Kafer, E. 2001. Improved protocols forAspergillusminimal medium: Trace element and minimal medium salt stock solutions. Fungal Genetics and Newsletter 48: 20-21.##Hosseinpanahi, F., Koocheki, A., Nassiri-Mahallati, M. and Ghorbani, R. 2010.Evaluation of radiation absorption and use efficiency in potato/corn intercropping.Iranian Journal of Agroecology 2 (1): 45-54. (In Persian with English Abstract).##kamkar, B., Koocheki, A., Nasiri-Mahallati, M. and Rezvani-Moghaddam, P. 2004. Evaluation of radiation use efficiency and its relationship with dry matter accumulation in three millet species. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 2 (2): 196-208. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Kusaka, M., Lalusin, A. G. and Fujimura, T. 2005.The maintenance of growth and turgor in pearl millet (Pennisetumglaucum (L.)Leeke) cultivars with different root structures and osmo-regulation under drought stress. Plant Science 168: 1-14.##Li, H. L., Luo, Y. and Ma, J. H. 2011. Radiationuse efficiency and the harvest index of winter wheat at different nitrogen levels and their relationships to canopy spectral reflectance. Crop Pasture Science 62: 208-217.##Michal-Johnson, J., Lee, Y. C., Camehl, I., Sun, C., Yeh, K. W. and Oelmuller, R. 2013.Piriformosporaindicapromotes growth of Chinese cabbage by manipulating auxin homeostasis- role of auxin in symbiosis. In: Varma, A. (Ed.). Piriformosporaindica, soil biology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: 139-147.##Monteith, J. L. 1977.Solar  radiation  and  productivity  in  tropical ecosystems. Journal of Applied Ecology 9: 747-766.##Ngugi, K., Collins, J. O. and Muchira, S. 2013. Combining, earliness, short anthesis to silking interval and yield based selection indices under intermittent water stress to select for drought tolerant maize. Australian Journalof Crop Science 7: 2014-2020.##Oelmuller, R., Sherameti, I., Tripathi, S. and Varma, A. 2009.Piriformospora indica, a cultivable root endophyte with multiple biotechnological applications. Symbiosis 49: 1-17.##Osborne, S. L., Scheppers, J. S., Francis, D. D. and Schlemmer, M. R. 2002.Use of spectral radiance to in-season biomass and grain yield in nitrogen and water-stressed corn.Crop Science 42: 165-171.##Qiang, X., Weiss, M., Kogel, K. H. and Schafer, P. 2012.Piriformosporaindicaa mutualistic basidiomycete with an exceptionally large plant host range.MolecularPlant Pathology 13 (5): 508-518.##Rahimi, S., Ghasemnezhad, A. and Babaeizad, V. 2014.A study on the effect of endophyte fungus, Piriformosporaindica, on the yield and phytochemical changes of globe artichoke (Cynarascolymus L.) leaves under water stress. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research 6 (2): 1907-1921.##Rezig, M., M'hamed, H. C. and Ben Naceur, M.2015. Does deficit irrigation affect the relation between radiation interception and water consumption for durum wheat (Triticum durumDesf.).Energy and Environment Research 5 (2): 36-48.##Saghatoleslami, M., MagidiHaravan, E., Nourmohmmadi, G. and Darvish, F. 2007. Effect of drought stress in growth different stages on yield and water use efficiency of five millet genotypes in South Khorasan. Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 11: 215-225. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Sarmadnia, G. H. and Koochaky, A. 1989.Crop plant physiology.Mashhad University Press.(In Persian).##Sobhani, A. and Shirani, A. H. 2000. The guide of determination crops leaf area index. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran.(In Persian).##Tabarzad, A., Ghaemi, A. A. and Zand-Parsa, S. 2016. Extinction coefficients and radiation use efficiency of barley under different irrigation regimes and sowing dates. Agricultural Water Management 178: 126-136.##Tesfaye, K., Walkerb, S. and Tsubob, M. 2006. Radiation interception and radiation use efficiency of three grain legumes under water deficit conditions in a semi-arid environment. European JournalofAgronomy 25: 60-70.##Tripathi, S., Das, A., Chandra, A. and Varma, A. 2015.Development of carrier-based formulation of root endophytePiriformosporaindica and its evaluation onPhaseolus vulgaris L. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology31 (2): 337-344.##Tsubo, M., Walker, S. and Ogindo, H. O. 2005.A simulation model of cereal legume intercropping systems for semi-arid regions. I: Model development.Field Crops Research 93: 10-22.##Xu, L., Wang, A., Wei, Q. and Zhang, W. 2017.Piriformosporaindica confers drought tolerance on Zea mays L. through enhancement of antioxidant activity and expression of drought-related genes. The Crop Journal 5 (3):251-258.##Xu, Z. and Zhou, G. 2008.Responses of leaf stomatal density to water status and itsrelationship with photosynthesis in a grass.Journal of Experimental Botany 59: 3317-3325.##Yadav, O. P. and Bhatnagar, S. K. 2001.Evaluation of indices for identification of pearl millet cultivars adapted to stress and non-stress conditions.Field Crops Research 70: 201-208.##Yaghoubian, Y., MohammadiGoltapeh, E., Pirdashti, H., Esfandiari, E., Feiziasl, V., Kari Dolatabadi, H., Varma, A. and Hassim, M. H. 2014.Effect of Glomusmosseae and Piriformosporaindica on growth and antioxidant defense responses of wheat plants under drought stress.Agricultural Research 3 (3): 239-245.##Zakirullah, Z., Swati, Z. A., Ahmad, A. and Raziuddin, R. 2000.Morpho-physiological response of selected brassica lines to moisture stress.Pakistan Journal of Biological Science 3 (1): 130-132.##ZareAbyaneh, H., BayatVarkeshi, M.,Gasemi, A., Marofi, S. and Amiri Chayjan, R. 2011.Determination of water requirement, single and dual crop coefficient of garlic (Allium sativum) in the cold semi-arid climate.Australian Journal of Crop Science 5 (8): 1050-1054.