Genetically analysis of grain yield and some agro-morphological characteristics of selected early maturity maize lines using diallel analysis

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Africulture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

2 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Africulture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

3 Research Assist. Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

4 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Comprehensive information on the genetics basis of inheritance is important for breeding programs. The present study was performed as a diallel crosses using nine selected early maturity maize lines. Thirty-six hybrids resulting from their one-way diallel crosses were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during two years, 2020 and 2021. Based on two-year combined analysis of variance, a significant difference was observed in the probability levels of 5% and 1% between the crosses for all studied traits. Diallel analysis using fourth method of Griffing showed that both additive and non-additive effects of genes are involved in the genetic control of grain yield, plant height and ear height, but only genes with additive effects plays an important role in control of of 100-grain weight, grain moisture percentage and cob percentage. Estimation of Baker ratio also showed that the additive effects of genes had a greater role in controlling 100-grain weight, cob percentage, plant height, grain moisture percentage, ear height and grain yield. The most desirable general combinator for grain yield were two lines NK79 and KE 77008/1, while the specific combining ability of crosses KE 77005/2 × K 1263/1 and KE 76009/311 ×
K 1264 / 5-1 for grain yield were positive and significant. In total, the results of general and specific combining ability indicated that the use of studied lines and crosses to improve grain yield in breeding programs can be promising.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Alexandratos, N. and Bruinsma, J. 2012. World agriculture towards 2030/2050: The 2012 revision.##Baker, R. 1978. Issues in diallel analysis. Crop Science 18: 533-536.##Chaudhary, H. K., Kaila, V. and Rather, S. A. 2014. Maize. In: Pratap, A. and Kumar, J. (Eds.). Alien gene transfer in crop plants: Achievements and impacts. Springer, New York. pp: 27-50.##Choukan, R. and Mosavat, A. 2005. Mode of gene action of different traits in maize tester lines. Seed and Plant Journal 21: 547-556. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Dehghanpour, Z. 2002. General and specific combining ability and genetic parameters of maize inbreed lines for different triats. Seed and Plant Improvment Journal 18: 49-61. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Dehghanpour, Z. 2007. Evaluation of the compatibility of selected early maize lines using diallel crossing. Final report of the project. Agricultural Scientific Information and Documentation Center. (In Persian).##Dehghanpour, Z. 2013. Diallel analysis of grain yield, number of kernel rows per ear and number of kernels per row in early maturity maize hybrids. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 15 (2): 1-17. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Dehghanpour, Z. and Ehdaie, B. 2013. Stability of general and specific combining ability effects for grain yield in elite Iranian maize inbred lines. Journal of Crop Improvement 27: 137-152.##Dehghanpour, Z., Ehdaie, B. and Moghaddam, M. 1996. Diallel analysis of agronomic characters in white endosperm corn. Journal of Genetic and Breeding 50: 357-365.##Falconer, D. 1981. Introduction to quantitative genetics. 2nd Ed. Longman, London, UK.##Farshadfar, E. 1998. Application of biometrical genetics in plant breeding. Razi University of Kermanshah Publications. Kermanshah, Iran. (In Persian).##Foley, J. 2013. Its time to rethink America’s corn system. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/time-to-rethink-corn.##Glover, M. A., Willmot, D. B., Darrah, L. L., Hibbard, B. E. and Zhu, X. 2005. Diallel analyses of agronomic traits using Chinese and US maize germplasm. Crop Science 45: 1096-1102.##Golparvar, A., Mottaghi, S. and Lotfifar, O. 2012. Diallel analysis of grain yield and its components in bread wheat genotypes under drought stress conditions. Plant Production Technology 3: 51-62. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Griffing, B. 1956a. Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing systems. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 9: 463-493.##Griffing, B. 1956b. A generalised treatment of the use of diallel crosses in quantitative inheritance. Heredity 10: 31-50.##Groos, C., Bervas, E. and Charmet, G. 2004. Genetic analysis of grain protein content, grain hardness and dough rheology in a hard× hard bread wheat progeny. Journal of Cereal Science 40: 93-100.##Harvil, B. G., Josephson, L. M. and Kincer, H. C. 1978. Diallel analysis for ear height and associated characters in corn. Crop Science 18:273-275.##Heidari, B., Rezaie, A. and Maibody, S. M. 2006. Diallel analysis for the estimation of the genetic parameters of grain yield and grain yield components in bread wheat. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 10 (2): 121-139. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Jans, W. W., Jacobs, C. M., Kruijt, B., Elbers, J. A., Barendse, S. and Moors, E. J. 2010. Carbon exchange of a maize (Zea mays L.) crop: Influence of phenology. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 139: 316-324.##Joshi, S., Sharma, S., Singhania, D. and Sain, R. 2004. Combining ability in the F1 and F2 generations of diallel cross in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell). Hereditas 141: 115-121.##Liu, Y., Li, S., Chen, F., Yang, S. and Chen, X. 2010. Soil water dynamics and water use efficiency in spring maize (Zea mays L.) fields subjected to different water management practices on the Loess Plateau, China. Agricultural Water Management 97: 769-775.##Malvar, R., Ordás, A., Revilla, P. and Cartea, M. 1996. Estimates of genetic variances in two Spanish populations of maize. Crop Science 36: 291-295.##Melani, M. and Carena, M. 2005. Alternative maize heterotic patterns for the Northern corn Belt. Crop Science 45: 2186-2194.##Miranda, G. V., De Souza, L. V., Galvão, J. C. C., Guimarães, L. J. M., De Melo, A. V. and Dos Santos, I. C. 2008. Genetic variability and heterotic groups of Brazilian popcorn populations. Euphytica 162: 431-440.##Mostafavi, K., Choukan, R., Bihamta, M., Heravan, E. M. and Taeb, M. 2008a. Evaluation and identification of Iranian corn inbred lines for heterotic patterns and heterotic groups. Ph. D. Dissertation. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).##Mostafavi, K., Choukan, R., Taeb, M. and Bihamta, M. R. 2008b. Investigation of combining ability in Iranian corn inbred lines (Zea mays L.) using a diallel cross design. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 4: 1-17. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Nevado, M. and Cross, H. 1990. Diallel analysis of relative growth rates in maize synthetics. Crop Science 30: 549-552.##Panda, R., Behera, S. and Kashyap, P. 2004. Effective management of irrigation water for maize under stressed conditions. Agricultural Water Management 66: 181-203.##Rojas, B. A. and Sprague, G. F. 1952. A comparison of variance components in corn yield trials: III. General and specific combining ability and their interaction with locations and years. Agronomy Journal 44: 462-466.##Rood, S. and Major, D. 1981. Diallel analysis of leaf number, leaf development rate, and plant height of early maturing maize. Crop Science 21: 867-873.##Saremirad, A., Abbasi, S. and Mostafai, K. 2021. Study of genetic structure of grain yield and some agro-morphological characteristics in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using diallel analysis and GGE biplot method. Journal of Crop Breeding 13: 130-139. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Saremirad, A. and Mostafavi, K. 2018. Genetic analysis of important agronomic traits in some of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars under normal and drought stress conditions. Cereal Research 8: 397-408. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Sprague, G. F. and Tatum, L. A. 1942. General vs. specific combining ability in single crosses of corn. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy 34 (10): 923-932.##Sujiprihati, S., Saleh, G. and Ali, E. 2001. Combining ability analysis of yield and related characters in single cross hybrids of tropical maize (Zea mays L.). Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetic 33: 111-120.##Tilman, D., Balzer, C., Hill, J. and Befort, B. L. 2011. Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108: 20260-20264.##Ünay, A., KONAK, C. and BAŞAL, H. 2004. Inheritance of grain yield in a half-diallel maize population. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 28: 239-244.##Vacaro, E., Barbosa Neto, J. F., Pegoraro, D. G., Nuss, C. N. and Conceição, L. D. H. 2002. Combining ability of twelve maize populations. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 37: 67-72.##Vaezi, S., Abd-Mishani, C., Yazdi-Samadi, B. and Ghanadha, M. R. 1999. Genetic analysis of quantitative traits in maize, I. Generation mean analysis of yield and yield components. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 30: 839-851. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Vasal, S. K., Srinivasan, G., Crossa, J. and Beck, D. L. 1992. Heterosis and combining ability of CIMMYT's subtropical and temperate early‐maturity maize germplasm. Crop Science 32: 884-890.##Zhang, Y., Kang, M. S. and Lamkey, K. R. 2005. DIALLEL‐SAS05: A comprehensive program for Griffing's and Gardner–Eberhart analyses. Agronomy Journal 97: 1097-1106.##Zhang, Y., Kang, M. S. and Magari, R. 1996. A diallel analysis of ear moisture loss rate in maize. Crop Science 36: 1140-1144.##