Agronomic and economic evaluation of different planting methods and dates of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Assist. Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of planting management on forage production in hybrid and open-pollinated sorghum cultivars, a two-year experiment based on split plot factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran. Planting date at four levels (July 1, 10 and 23, and August 1), was considered as the main factor and the factorial combination of planting method at three levels (without priming as control, seed hydropriming, and transplanting) and genotype at two levels (Pegah cultivar and Speedfeed hybrid) as the sub-factor. The results showed that delayed planting on July 10th and 23rd, and August 1st reduced forage yield by 15.1, 32.7, and 48.7%, respectively, compared to the July 1st planting date. The highest silage yield in the first and second harvests (106.21 and 62.78 ton.ha-1, respectively) were obtained by the transplanting Pegah and Speedfeed on the July 1st, respectively, whereas the seed hydropriming of Speedfeed produced the highest total forage yield (147.80 ton ha-1). The results of the economic evaluation showed that the highest net income (99.11 million Rials.ha-1) and the maximum benefit-to-cost ratio and sales return (2.52 and 60.35%, respectively) were obtained by planting the hydroprimed seeds of Speedfeed hybrid on the July 1st. The transplanting of Pegah cultivar was uneconomical in all the studied planting dates, whereas transplanting Speedfeed hybrid from July 1st to July 23rd was superior to the conventional sowing method. In total, the results of this study showed that to produce the maximum yield and economic profit, it is recommended to carry out the planting operation at the earliest possible time with hydroprimed seeds of Speedfeed hybrid.

Keywords


Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D. and Smith, M. 1998. Crop evapotranspiration-guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage 56: 26-40.##Asadi, H. and Mahrokh, A. 2021. Economical evaluation of transplanting and seed hydropriming in comparison with conventional planting in grain maize: A case study in Alborz province. Journal of Agricultural Economics 15 (2): 113-132. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Assefa, D., Belay, M., Tsegay, D. and Haile, M. 2007. Transplanting sorghum as a means of ensuring food security in low rainfall sorghum growing areas. Drylands Coordination Group Report. No. 48.##Baghdadi, A., Paknejad, F., Golzardi, F., Hashemi, M. and Ilkaee, M. N. 2021. Suitability and benefits from intercropped sorghum–amaranth under partial root‐zone irrigation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 101 (14): 5918-5926.##Baghdadi, A. and Golzardi, F. 2022. Forage crops. ETKA Publication, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).##Banerjee, P., Venugopalan, V. K., Nath, R., Chakraborty, P. K., Gaber, A., Alsanie, W. F., Raafat, B. M. and Hossain, A. 2022. Seed priming and foliar application of nutrients influence the productivity of relay grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) through accelerating the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) use efficiency. Agronomy 12: 1125.##Bartlett, M. S. 1937. Properties of sufficiency and statistical tests. Mathematical and Physical Sciences 160: 268-282.##Biswas, S. 2020. Prospects and constraints of transplanted maize, wheat, sorghum and pearl millet: a review. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 10: 24-43.##Bozorgmehr, J. and Nasrabadi, H. 2013. Effect of planting dates and cultivars on corn forage yield and quality. Applied Field Crops Research 104: 160-164. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Chivasa, W., Harris, D., Chiduza, C., Mashingaidze, A. B. and Nyamudeza, P. 2000. Determination of optimum on-farm seed priming time for maize (Zea mays L.) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) for use to improve stand establishment in semi-arid agriculture. Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Science 30 (2): 103-112.##Farhadi, A., Paknejad, F., Golzardi, F., Ilkaee, M. N. and Aghayari, F. 2022. Effects of limited irrigation and nitrogen rate on the herbage yield, water productivity, and nutritive value of sorghum silage. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 53 (5): 576-589.##Fouman, A. 2011. Evaluation of different forage sorghum cultivars [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] through an assessment of morphological, quantitative and qualitative yield traits. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 41 (4): 833-840. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Ghiasabadi, M., Khajeh-Hosseini, M. and Mohammad-Abadi, A. A. 2014. Effects of transplanting date on growth and yield of forage maizen (Zea mays L.) in Mashhad. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 12 (1): 137-145. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Ghorbani, H., Barmaki, M. and Kheirizadeh Arough, Y. 2015. Yield and yield components of minituber potato under direct cultivation and transplanting. Journal of Soil and Plant Interactions 6 (2): 121-133. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Golzardi, F., Nazari, Sh. and Rahjoo, V. 2019. Sorghum cultivation. ETKA Publication, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).##Hesabi, S., Vazan, S. and Golzardi, F. 2014. Investigation the effect of osmopriming and hydropriming on germination behavior of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and maize (Zea mays). International Journal of Biosciences 5 (6): 182-188.##Jo, S. M., Jung, K. Y., Kang, H. W., Choi, Y. D., Lee, J. S. and Jeon, S. H. 2016. Effect of seedling age on growth and yield at transplanting of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Korean Journal of Crop Science 61: 50-56.##Khalilian, M., Habibi, D., Golzardi, F., Aghayari, F. and Khazaei, A. 2021. Yield evaluation of promising lines of dual-purpose grain-forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] at different harvesting times. Cereal Research 11(2): 135-147. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Khazaei, A., Fouman, A., Rahjoo, V. and Golzardi, F. 2019. Sorghum cultivation (Handbook). Agricultural Education Publication, Teharn, Iran. (In Persian).##Khazaei, A., Golzardi, F., Torabi, M., Fyzbakhsh, M., Azari Nasrabad, A., Ghasemi, A., Nazari, L. and Motaghi, M. 2021. Evaluation of the yield stability of grain sorghum genotypes using AMMI analysis in different regions of Iran. Cereal Research 11 (1): 77-88. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Khodashenas, A. 2021. Effect of planting time on grain yield and yield components of rainfed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes under climatic conditions of Mashhad, Iran. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 23 (1): 49-66. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Mirahki, I., Ardakani, M. R., Golzardi, F., Paknejad, F. and Mahrokh, A. 2022. Biomass production, water use efficiency and nutritional value parameters of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) genotypes as affected by seed hydro-priming and transplanting. Acta Biologica Szegediensis 2 (65): 171-184.##Nazari, S., Aboutalebian, M. A. and Golzardi, F. 2017. Seed priming improves seedling emergence time, root characteristics and yield of canola in the conditions of late sowing. Agronomy Research 15 (2): 501-514.##Rafiee, M. 2018. Effect of sowing time on growth and yield of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars in second cropping in temperate region of Lorestan province. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 20 (3): 180-192. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Ramezani, M. and Rezaei, R. 2012. The effect of priming and its period on germination and seedling growth of forage sorghum (Speedfeed). New Findings in Agriculture 6 (2): 127-137. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Safari, M., Aghaalikhani, M. and Modares Sanavy, S. A. M. 2011. Effect of sowing date on phenology and morphological traits of three grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 12 (4): 452-466. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Soltani, G. R. 2007. Agricultural engineering. Shiraz University Press. 295 p. (In Persian).##Torabi, B., Dastfalinejad, N., Soltani, A. and Rahimi, A. 2020. The effect of planting date and density on leaf production and senescence rate in safflower. Journal of Plant Production Research 27 (1): 93-106.##Yamori, W., Hikosaka, K. and Way, D. A. 2014. Temperature response of photosynthesis in C3, C4, and CAM plants: temperature acclimation and temperature adaptation. Photosynthesis Research 119: 101-117.##Young, E. M. and Atokple, I. D. K. 2003. Transplanting sorghum and millet as a means of increasing food security in upper east region of Ghana. Project R7341. Centre for Arid Zone Studies, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK.##Zida, P. E., Neya, B. J., Stockholm, M. S., Jenson, M. S., Soalla, W. R., Sereme, P. and Lund, O. S. 2018. Increasing sorghum yields by seed treatment with an aqueous extract of the plant Eclipta alba may involve a dual mechanism of hydropriming and suppression of fungal pathogens. Crop Protection 107: 48-55.##