Studying genotype × environment interaction effect in promising bread wheat genotypes in the cold climate using AMMI and GGE-Biplot methods

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Zanjan, Iran

3 Associate Professor, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Urmia, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ardabil, Iran

5 Assistant Professor, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Hamedan, Iran.

6 Assistant Professor, Razavi Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran

7 Researcher, Gazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gazvin, Iran

8 Researcher ,Razavi Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran

9 Researcher, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran

10 Researcher, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran

11 Researcher, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Arak, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction
Genotype × environment interaction is one of the complex issues in plant breeding programs to introduce high yielding and stable genotypes, which is evaluated using multi-regional experiments before the release of new cultivars. The presence of genotype × environment interaction causes the yield of cultivars to be affected by the environment and leads to differences in the yield of cultivars in different environments. AMMI and GGE-Biplot models are very important among the multivariate methods and have high resolution in identifying high yielding and stable genotypes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of promising bread wheat genotypes and to identify high yielding and stable genotypes in the cold climate of the Iran.
Materials and methods
Fourtheen wheat genotypes with winter and intermediate (facultative) growth type along with Mihan, Heydari, Zarrineh and Zare varieties as controls (a total of 18 genotypes) were investigated in randomized complete block design with three replications in research stations of Karaj, Hamadan, Mashhad, Jalgarokh, Miandoab, Ardabil, Arak, Eqlid, Tabriz and Qazvin. To analyze the data, first analysis of variance was seprately done in each year and location, and then combined analysis of variance was performed for grain yield after confirming the homogeneity of the variances of experimental errors. AMMI and GGE-Biplot methods were used to investigate the stability of the studied genotypes. AMMI stability parameters and simultaneous selection indices were also calculated based on these parameters.
Research findings
The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the main effect of environment and genotype and the interaction of genotype × environment accounted for 47.2, 9.8 and 28.3 percent of the total sum of squares, respectively. Genotypes G7, G8, G12, G2 and G1 had the highest grain yield and genotypes G15, G18, G10, G13, G14 and G16 had the lowest grain yield among the studied genotypes respectively. The results of AMMI analysis showed the existence of significant differences between environments, genotypes and their interactions. The first 12 significant principal components of AMMI analysis explained 98% of the genotype × environment interaction variance, and the first and second principal components explained a total of 46.27% of this variance. Based on the AMMI1 biplot, genotypes G8, G3, G1 and G4 and environments E9 and E5 with the higher grain yield than average grain yield and the lowest value of the first principal component were recognized as the most stable genotypes and environments. AMMI2 biplot did not identify a specific genotype as the genotype with general compatibility, however, G3 and G4 genotypes showed somewhat better general compatibility than the others. The simultaneous selection indices based on AMMI parameters identified G8, G12, G1, G4, and G3 genotypes with the lowest total rank as the stable and high yielding genotypes, respectively. The results of GGE-Biplot method based on biplot of the average yield and stability, introduced G8, G4, G3 genotypes followed by G1 as the most stable genotypes, due to grain yield higher than the average of the studied genotypes. Which-won-where biplot pattern divided the studied genotypes and environments into five and three groups, respectively, so that G12, G11, G3 and G4 genotypes in Karaj and Miandoab and G5, G7 and G8 genotypes in Jalgerokh and Mashhad showed better adaptation in both years. According to the biplot of the ranking of genotypes, there was no ideal genotype, but G8, G3, G5, G7 and G4 genotypes with the smallest distance from the hypothetical ideal genotype were identified as the best genotypes.
Conclusion
The results of this study showed that there is a little difference between AMMI and GGE-Biplot analyzes and both methods presented the same genotypes as superior genotypes. However, it is more logical to select genotypes using simultaneous selection indices based on AMMI analysis parameters, because all significant components are included in the calculation of these parameters. Therefore, based on simultaneous selection indices, genotypes G8, G12, G1, G4 and G3 with the lowest total rank are introduced as stable and high yielding genotypes.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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