The effect of planting bed and date on physiological characteristics and grain yield of three varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Ahvaz

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics , Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz,, Ahvaz,, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz,, Ahvaz. Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz. Iran

4 Research Associate Professor, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz,, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Rice is one of the most important agricultural products in the world, and it has the second place in terms of annual production after wheat. Cultivation of rice in most regions of the world is done in the form of transplanting, but the long period of preparing transplant and sometimes high mortality of transplants in the main field, high water consumption, the impossibility of direct use of transplanting machines in heavy soil textures and high labor costs have caused it is an undeniable necessity to find suitable methods of planting rice with the aim of reducing the inhibiting effects of these factors especially reducing water consumption and achieving optimal performance. On the other hand, choosing the suitable planting date is another important agricultural management to achieve optimal crop performance. In this experiment, the effect of different land preparation (planting bed) methods and different transplanting dates were investigated on the physiological characteristics and yield of three rice varieties in Shavor region, Khuzestan province, Iran. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the role of planting date and planting bed on the growth and development aspects of rice transplants and their interations on reducing the inhibiting effects of production factors.
Material and methods
This experiment was carried out in the form of split split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the research field of Shavor Research Station, Khuzestan province, Iran, in 2021 and 2022. The experimental factors were land preparation (planting bed) methods in four levels including puddling, flat with field capacity, flat with dry soil and raised bed in the ridge with dry soil as the main factor, transplanting date in three levels including 2, 12 and 23 June as the sub-factor, and rice variety in three levels including Champa, Anbori Germez Paboland and Daniyal as the sub-sub-factor. To prepare the planting beds (puddling, flat with field capacity and flat with dry soil), the soil was leveled by leveler after plowing and disking, and to prepare the raised bed in the ridge, the ridges (with a width of 50 cm and a height of 20 cm) were created by a ditcher after plowing, disking and leveling. The measured traits in this study were paddy yield, biological yield, harvest index, chlorophyll index, canopy temperature and stomatal conductance.
Research findings
The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of planting bed, planting date and variety as well as their interactions on rice yield were statistically significant. The results of the comparison of two years means showed that the highest grain yield was belonged to flat bed with dry soil on the planting date of 2 June in Anbori Germez Paboland variety (5.68 ton.ha-1), and the highest biological yield was obtained from the flat bed with field capacity on the planting date of 23 June in Anbori Germez Paboland variety (13.63 ton.ha-1). Also, the highest harvest index (51.71 %) and the best canopy temperature at the stage of panicle emergence (32.22 °C) was observed in the treatment of flat bed with dry soil on the planting date of 23 June in Champa variety.
Conclusion
According to the results of grain yield as the most important goal of rice planting, it seems that by cultivation of the local variety “Anbori Germez Paboland” on the flat bed at 2 June through the provision of environmental conditions (non-implementation of puddling and preventing negative effects on plant growth), and a suitable temperature (preventing the occurrence of stress in the flowering and seeding stage), can obtain a high grain yield.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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