Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Ph.D Student, Genetic and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
2
Faculty of Agriculture, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University,Sanandaj , Iran.
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
4
Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agriculture Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
10.22124/cr.2024.27293.1818
Abstract
Comprehensive Abstract
Introduction: Durum wheat is considered one of the most important crops globally and in Iran, ranking tenth worldwide. It consistently faces growth and performance challenges in the Mediterranean regions due to drought stress, which is particularly influenced by global climate changes. Local varieties of this crop can serve as valuable genetic resources for identifying and introducing resistance and tolerance to drought. In this context, a research project was carried out using a variety of genetic resources from Iran and Iraq (primarily from the Fertile Crescent) to assess drought tolerance and identify superior genotypes.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 150 native durum wheat accessions from the Fertile Crescent were assessed for drought tolerance by computing relevant indices over two consecutive years (1398-1399 and 1399-1400) in the experimental field of Razi University. The assessment was conducted using an augmented randomized complete block design with four check varieties. The experiment included both rainfed and supplementary irrigated conditions. After recording the values of grain yield, drought tolerance indices were calculated and composite variance analysis for grain yield and biplot analysis, cluster analysis and principal components analysis were performed.
Research findings: The analysis of variance revealed significant statistical differences among durum wheat accessions in terms of drought tolerance indices, indicating a significant year × genotype interaction effect. Genotype × index biplot analysis revealed that the examined indices were mainly located in the first, third, and fourth quadrants. The fourth quadrant contained more crucial indices such as TOL, GMP, HM, STI, and MP, which were used to identify superior genotypes of Group A. This trend continued with a little variation in the second-year experiment. Overall, genotypes were categorized into four distinct groups based on the genotype × biplot analysis spectrum of resistance to sensitivity.
Conclusion: The study results suggest that drought tolerance indices such as TOL, GMP, HM, STI, and MP can effectively differentiate resilient and high-performing genotypes from others. Cluster analyses for two years identified two accessions, 44SAU and 9IRQ as superior genotypes.
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