Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Research Asistant Professor , Department of Crop and Horticulture Science Research, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
2
Research Assistant Professor, Department of Cereal Research, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran
10.22124/cr.2025.29962.1859
Abstract
Introduction
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most important and damaging fungal diseases of wheat in different regions of the world, especially in warm and humid regions. FHB reduces yields and contaminates grain with mycotoxins. Widespread epidemics have occurred in different parts of the world in the last few decades. The most efficient, economical, and environmentally healthy method for managing this disease is to use resistant or tolerant wheat cultivars. So far, resistant wheat cultivars to this disease that are well adapted to all wheat production regions in the world have not been identified. This research aimed to identify bread and durum wheat genotypes resistant to Fusarium head blight.
Materials and methods
This study evaluated 138 bread and durum wheat genotypes (obtained from the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute) for Fusarium head blight resistance during two growth years (2023-2024) at the Araghi-mahaleh Agricultural Research Station in Gorgan . At 50% flowering, spikes were inoculated in two stages by a pathogenic fungal spore suspension . Disease incidence, disease severity, and disease index were assessed for each genotype and used in statistical analyses. The frequency distribution of the evaluated traits in genotypes and the pairwise correlation of traits were examined and calculated separately for each year.. K-Means Cluster analysis was used to group the genotypes. The relationship between genotypes and clusters was examined using the multidimensional scaling method.
Research findings
The results of this experiment showed during two growth years, the average disease incidence in the studied genotypes was 32.36% and 39.35%, respectively; disease severity averaged 26.27% and 27.5%; and disease index averaged 11.27% and 13.14%. K-means cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into seven groups. Group 3 consisting of 33 genotypes exhibited the lowest average disease incidence, severity, and index, was identified as the most resistant group. Based on finding of this experiment, genotypes G01 (Baran), G02 (Sadra), G04 (Jam), G06 (Shalan), G07 (Hoor), G11, G14, G16, G17, G18, G19, G20, G27, G29, G30, G31, G32, G34, G36, G37, G39, G42, G44, G45, G46, G47, G48, G54, G83, G94, G117, G132 and G139 were identified as resistant genotypes to Fusarium head blight disease.
Conclusion
Several bread and durum wheat genotypes in this study exhibited resistance to Fusarium head blight. These findings offer valuable information into resistance and susceptibility , informing future breeding programs aimed at developing Fusarium head blight resistant wheat varieties.
Keywords
Main Subjects
)