Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Research Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Fars, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Darab, Iran
2
Researcher, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3
Researcher, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khuzestan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran
4
Research Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Semnan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shahrood, Iran
5
Research Professor, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
10.22124/cr.2025.31168.1872
Abstract
Introduction
Wheat is the most important agricultural crops in the country and plays a critical role in ensuring food security. Weeds are one of the most significant limiting factors for the production of wheat, as they can significantly reduce grain yield. Due to the morphological and ecological similarities between narrow-leaved weed species and wheat, controlling these weeds in this crop is difficult. Rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) is one of the most damaging weed species in wheat, particularly widespread in the southern regions of Fars Province, and has shown resistance to certain herbicides. This weed can significantly reduce wheat yield through intense competition with the crop. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of several herbicides in controlling narrow-leaved weeds, with a focus on rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum
Materials and methods
This experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 14 treatments and 4 replications at the Hasanabad Agricultural Research Station of Darab (Fars) during 2023–2024. The treatments included the application of Clodinafop-propargyl (Topik® 8%, EC) herbicide at a rate of 1 L/ha; Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (Puma Super 7.5%, EW) at a rate of 1 Lha-1; Mesosulfuron-methyl (Mesomax 3%, OD) at a rate of 1.25 L/ha; Mesosulfuron-methyl+ mefenpyr-diethyl (Ritmica 3%, OD) at dose rates of 300, 400, 500 mL/ha; Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium+ Mesosulfuron-methyl+ Mefenpyr-diethyl (Atlantis 1.2%, OD) at a rate of 1.5 L/ha; Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium+ Mesosulfuron-methyl+ Diflufenican+ mefenpyr-diethyl, (Othello 6%, OD) at a rate of 1.6 L/ha; Pinoxaden (Axial 5%, EC) at a rate of 1.25 L/ha; Pendimethalin (Fist Super 45.6%, CS) at rates of 3 and 4 L/ha; Metribuzin (Sencor 70%, WP) at a rate of 800 g/ha; and a tank mix of Fist Super (3 L/ha) + Sencor (400 g/ha) and control (Weed free).
Research findings: The dominant weed species observed in the experiment were rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), wild oat (Avena ludoviciana), and littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor), respectively. L. rigidum had the highest relative frequency (90%). The results showed that the herbicide treatments were applied significantly decreased weed density and dry weight of these weed species, as well as a significant increase in grain per spike, the number of spikes per m2, 1000 grains weight and grain yield. The highest efficacy in controlling L. rigidum was achieved with the application of Sencor at 800 g/ha and Ritmica at 500 mL/ha. These treatments reduced the dry weight of the weed by 65% and 61%, respectively. In contrast, the lowest efficacy in controlling L. rigidum (less than 35%) was observed with the application of Fist Super (3 L/ha) and Puma Super. Additionally, the efficacy of the herbicides Atlantis, Othello, Mesomax, Axial, and Ritmica in controlling A. ludoviciana and P. minor ranged from 91% to 100. Overall, the most favorable treatments in the experiment were the application of Sencor and Ritmica (500 mL/ha), which reduced the total dry weight of weeds by 68% and 64%, respectively, and increased grain yield by 30% and 28%, respectively.
Conclusion:
Based on the results of this experiment, the efficacy of Ritmica in controlling A. ludoviciana and P. minor was comparable to and/or better than the herbicides Atlantis, Othello, Axial, and Mesomax. Sencor showed the highest efficacy in controlling L. rigidum. However, its performance against A. ludoviciana and P. minor was weaker than that of Ritmica. Although, Sencor showed the highest efficacy in controlling L. rigidum), however, its efficacy in controlling A. ludoviciana and P. minor was lower than that of Ritmica. Therefore, considering the weed control spectrum and resulting the increase in grain yield, the application of Ritmica is recommended for the control of A. ludoviciana and P. minor, while Sencor is suggested for use in wheat fields where L. rigidum is the dominant weed species.
Keywords
Main Subjects
)