Modeling the impact of salinity stress on yield of hybrid and improved varieties of rice during different growth stages

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Graduated MSc, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University Of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht

3 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University Of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

4 Research Assistant Professor, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran.

10.22124/cr.2023.25409.1783

Abstract

Introduction
Salinity of soil and water resources are the most important factors reducing yield in many crop plants, including rice. Considering the increase in salinity of soil and water resources in many paddy farms in Iran, and considering the different sensitivity of rice plants at different growth stages to water and soil salinity, it is necessary to manage saline water resources in these areas. In this experiment, the effects of different levels of irrigation water salinity on grain yield of two hybrid (Bahar) and improved (Dorfak) rice varieties at different growth stages were investigated. The objective of this experiment was to obtain the best application time of saline water with the minimum reduction of rice grain yield.
Materials and methods
This study was conducted as a pot experiment in factorial based on completely randomized design with three factors and three replications in the Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Rasht, Iran. The experimental factors included irrigation water salinity in four levels as the first factor, 2, 4, 6, and 8 dS/m, application time of salinity stress in four levels as the second factor, tillering, panicle formation, heading and maturity growth stages, and rice variety in two levels as the third factor, the hybrid variety of Bahar and the improved variety of Dorfak. Moreover, irrigation with normal water with a salinity of 0.4 dS/m was also considered as a control treatment for comparison with the other salinity treatments. A mix of NaCl+CaCl2 salts in a ratio of 2:1 were used to apply salinity treatments. After the end of each growth stage, leaching was carried out and irrigation with normal water was continued until the end of the growth stage. At the end of the growth and harvesting grains, grain yield based on 14% moisture, biological yield and harvest index were measured. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and Tukey's test was used to comparison of means at 1% probability level.
                                                                                                                          Research findings
The results of analysis of variance indicated that the effect of different salinity levels and its application stage on grain yield of both rice varieties was significant at 1% probability level. The results of comparison of means revealed that the improved variety Doefak showed more salinity tolerance and produced more grain yield at different salinity levels compared to the hybrid variety Bahar. The most sensitive and resistant growth stages to salinity stress were tillering (with an average grain yield of 6.82 g/pot for the hybrid variety Bahar and 8.07 g/pot for the improved variety Dorfak) and maturity (with an average grain yield of 14.71 g/pot for the hybrid variety Bahar and 15.90 g/pot for the improved variety Dorfak) stages, respectively. The lowest biological yield (14.37 g/pot) and harvest index (2.53%) in the improved variety Dorfak was obtained at the tillering stage and the salinity level of 8 dS/m. Also, the lowest biological yield (12.89 g/pot) and harvest index (4.61) in the hybrid variety Bahar was observed at the salinity level of 8 dS/m and at the heading and panicle formation stages, respectively. Modeling the effect of different salinity levels on grain yield indicated that yield variations in different salinity levels and at the different growth stages followed a quadratic equation. Coefficients of determination of the regression equations of grain yield in different salinity levels for the improved variety Dorfak at the tillering (R2=0.99), panicle formation (R2=0.99), heading (R2=0.95) and maturity (R2=0.98) stages, and also for the hybrid variety Bahar at the tillering (R2=0.99), panicle formation (R2=0.99), heading (R2=0.99) and maturity (R2=0.99) stages, revealed that the application time of salinity stress is more important than the salinity levels.
Conclusion
Application of different salinity levels caused a significant difference in grain yield of both improved and hybrid varieties, so that a significant decrease was observed in grain yield of both Dorfak and Bahar varieties with the increasing salinity levels, and the lowest grain yield was obtained at the salinity level of 8 dS/m. Application time of salinity stress was also very important and caused a significant difference in reduction of grain yield. The results of this experiment showed that under the water limitation conditions or in the absence of suitable water quality, it is possible to prevent the reduction of rice grain yield by managing irrigation water at different growth stages and using lower quality water in the final and maturity growth stages.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Asch, F., Dingkuhn, M. and Dorffling, K. 2000. Salinity increases CO2 assimilation but reduces growth in field-grown irrigated rice. Plant and Soil, 218, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014953504021.
Biabani, A., Sabouri, H. and Nakhzari, A. 2012. Study of yield components of rice cultivars under salinity stress condition. Journal of Plant Production, 19(4), pp. 173-186. [In Persian]. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23222050.1391.19.4.10.2.
Blake, G.R. and Hartge, K.H. 1986. Bulk Density. In: Klute, A. (Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis: Part I. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., and Soil Science Society of America, Inc. pp. 363-375. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c13.
Ebrahimi Rad, H., Babazadeh, H., Rezaei, M. and Amiri, E. 2016. Modeling response of Hashemi rice variety to change in salinity levels during the growth stages. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 10(2), pp. 168-176. [In Persian].
Fallah, A., Farahmanfar, E. and Moradi, F. 2015. Effect of salt stress on some morpho-physiological characters of two rice culitivars during different growth stages at greenhouse. Journal of Applied Field Crop Research, 28(107), pp. 175-182. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22092/AJ.2015.105720.
Gee, G.W. and Bauder, J.W. 1986. Particle-Size Analysis. In: Klute, A. (Ed.). Methodes of Soil Analysis: Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Second Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., and Soil Science Society of America, Inc. pp. 383-411. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c15.
Gholizadeh, F. 2012. Effects of salt stress in germination stage in rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.). New Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Journal, 2(6), pp. 75-81. [In Persian]. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22285458.1391.2.6.9.4.
Homaee, M. 2002. Plants Response to Salinity. Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage (IRNCID). ISBN: 964-6668-37-2. 107 p. [In Persian].
Hasamuzzaman, M., Fujita, M., Islam, M.N., Ahamed, K.U. and Nahar, K. 2009. Performance of four irrigated rice varieties under different levels of salinity stress. International Journal of Integrative Biology, 6(2), pp. 85-90.
Jafari Rad, S., Zavareh, M., Khaledian, M.R. and Rezaei, M. 2015. Evaluation of different rice genotypes tolerance to saline irrigation water. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 5(17), pp. 1-12. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jcpp.5.17.1.
Khatun, S. and Flowers, T.J. 1995. Effects of salinity on seed set in rice. Plant, Cell & Environment, 18(1), pp.61-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00544.x.
Mass, E.V. and Hoffman, G.J. 1977. Crop salt tolerance – current assessment.  Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, 103(2), pp. 115-134. https://doi.org/10.1061/JRCEA4.0001137.
Ministry of Agriculture - Jahad. 2023. Agricultural statistics. Vol. one: Crop plants. Ministry of Agriculture – Jahad, Tehran, Iran. [In Persian].
Mirdarmansouri, Sh., Babaeian Jelodar, N.A. and Bagheri, N.A. 2014. Effects of NaCl Stress on Grain Yield and their Components in Iranian Rice Genotypes. Journal of Crop Breeding, 6(14),
pp. 67-83. [In Persian]. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22286128.1393.6.14.6.7.
Rezaee, M., Davatgar, N., Khaledian, M.R., Ashrafzadeh, A., Kavoosi, M. and Zavareh, M. 2013. Study of the effect of saline water on rice yield under water stress conditions. Journal of Irrigation Sciences and Engineering, 36(1), pp. 81-88. [In Persian]. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.25885952.1392.36.1.8.9 .
Sadooghi, L., Homaee, M., Noroozi, A.A. and Asadi Kapourchal, S. 2016. Estimating rice yield using VSM model and satellite images in Guilan province. Cereal Research, 6(3), pp. 397-410. [In Persian]. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22520163.1395.6.3.10.2.
Saeedzadeh, F., Taghizadeh, R. and Gurbanov, E. 2018. Investigation the effect of salinity on agronomic and biochemical traits of different rice cultivars under field conditions. Crop Physiology Journal, 9(36), pp. 101-120. [In Persian]. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.2008403.1396.9.36.7.8.
Shamsoddin Saeed, M. and Farahbakhsh, H. 2009. The effect of salinity on yield and some agronomical and physiological traits of two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars in Kerman. Plant Productions, 32(1), pp. 13-25. [In Persian].
Shannon, M.C., Rhoades, J.D., Draper, J.H., Scardaci, S.C. and Spyres, M.D. 1998. Assessment of salt tolerance in rice cultivars in response to salinity problems in California. Crop Science, 38(2), pp. 394-398. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183X003800020021x.
Sharifi, P. 2013. Evaluating the effect of salinity stresses on some of the traits of rice at the germination stage. Plant and Ecosystem, 9(34-1), pp. 31-39. [In Persian].
Tartarini, S., Paleari, L., Movedi, E., Sacchi, G.A., Nocito, F.F. and Confalonieri, R. 2019. Analysis and modeling of processes involved with salt tolerance and rice. Crop Science, 59(3), pp.1155-1164. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2018.10.0609.
Walkley, A. and Black, I.A. 1934. An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37(1),
pp. 29-38.
Zeng, L. and  Shannon, M.C. 2000. Effects of salinity on grain yield and yield components of rice at different seeding densities. Agronomy Journal, 92(3), pp. 418-423. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2000.923418x.
Zeng, L., Lesch, S.M. and Grieve, C.M. 2003. Rice growth and yield respond to changes in water depth and salinity stress. Agricultural Water Management, 59(1), pp. 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00088-4.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics