The performance of temperate maize testers for screening tropical and subtropical germplasm

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph. D. Student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

2 Research Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Low diversity and poor genetic basis of germplasm in temperate regions is a significant challenge in maize breeding. Maize germplasms from tropical and subtropical regions often contain a broader genetic base and show larger diversity than germplasms from temperate regions. Therefore, it seems that foreign germplasms, especially germplasms from tropical and subtropical regions, can be used as a potential solution to strengthen the genetic base of germplasm in temperate regions. However, the efficiency of screening methods to identify superior and suitable sources of foreign germplasm remains a major challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum number of testers and select suitable testers for screening maize lines derived from tropical and subtropical CIMMYT germplasm.
Materials and methods
In this experiment, three testers of temperate regions (MO17, B73, K1264/5-1) were crossed with 25 lines originated from the CIMMYT maize germplasm based on line × tester mating system. A total of 75 crosses along with the control hybrid (SC704) were evaluated in alpha-lattice experimental design in two replications each with four incomplete blocks in two regions (Moghan and Jiroft). Analysis of variance was done based on line × tester method, as well as separation of the effect of crosses into its components using the method suggested by Kemptorn (1957). GGE-biplot graphical analysis based on the methodology proposed by Fan et al. (2010) was also used to estimate the effects of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA).
Research findings
The results showed that out of the 75 crosses, 32 crosses had higher and significant grain yield compared to the control hybrid SC704. The superiority of the superior cross compared to the control hybrid ranged from 1.46 to 3.77 tons per hectare. These findings highlighted the potential of utilizing tropical and subtropical CIMMYT germplasm to enhance maize yield in temperate regions of Iran. Based on the results, the lines No. 22, 9, 19, 12, 20, 5, 17, 21, 24, 14, 15, 23, and 11 had the highest positive GCA for grain yield, respectively. In general, in terms of grain yield, GCA, and SCA, it is possible to directly use lines No. 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 19, 22, and 24 extracted from tropical and subtropical CIMMYT germplasm to improve grain yield in temperate regions. Evaluating the efficiency of the temperate maize testers also showed that two testers B73 and MO17 were highly efficient in selecting superior line derived from tropical and subtropical CIMMYT germplasm.
Conclusion
The results of the current study showed that it is possible to use maize germplasms from tropical and subtropical regions of CYMMIT to improve grain yield in temperate regions. Also, one temperate maize tester has the ability to distinguish superior sources (not all of them), although the use of two testers greatly reduces the risk of not choosing (deleion) a superior source.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Adebayo, A. M., Menkir, A., Blay, E., Gracen, V., & Danquah, E. (2017). Combining ability and heterosis of elite drought-tolerant maize inbred lines evaluated in diverse environments of lowland tropics. Euphytica, 213, 1-12. doi: 10.1007/s10681-017-1840-5.##Aslam, M., Maqbool, M. A., & Cengiz, R. (2015). Drought Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.). Effects, Resistance Mechanisms, Global Achievements and Biological Strategies for Improvement. Springer Cham, Switzerland. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-25442-5.##Bertoia, L., Lopez., C., & Burak, R. (2006). Biplot analysis of forage combining ability in maize landraces. Crop Science, 46, 1346-1353. 10.2135/cropsci2005.09-0336.##Cairns, J. E., Hellin, J., Sonder, K., Araus, J. L., Macrobert, J. F., Thierfelder, C., & Prasanna, B. M. (2013). Adapting maize production to climate change in sub-Saharan Africa. Food Security, 5, 345-360. doi: 10.1007/s12571-013-0256-x.##Campos, H., Cooper, M., Habben, J. E., Edmeades, G. O., & Schussler, J. R. (2004). Improving drought tolerance in maize: A view from industry. Field Crops Research, 90, 19-34. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2004.07.003.##Chen, H. M., Wang, Y. F., Yao, W. H., Luo, L. M., Li, J. L., Xu, C. X., Fan, X. M., & Gho, H. C. (2011). Utilization potential of the temperate maize inbreds integrated with tropical germplasm. ACTA Agronomica Sinica, 37(10), 1785-1793 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01785.##Choukan, R. (2008). Methods of Genetical Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Plant Breeding. Publication of Seed & Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran. 270 p. [In Persian].##Choukan,  R.,  Estakhr, A.,  Afarinesh, A.,  Afsharmanesh, Gh. R.,  Shiri, M. R., Mosavat, A., & Fareghei, Sh. (2015). Combining ability of maize lines derived from CIMMYT germplasm in crossing with temperate lines. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 16(4), 334-345. [In Persian] dorl: 20.1001.1.15625540.1393.16.4.6.7.##Choukan, R., Hossainzadeh, A., Ghannadha, M. R., Warburton, M. L., Talei, A. R., & Mohammadi, S. A. (2006). Use of SSR data to determine relationships and potential heterotic groupings within medium to late maturing Iranian maize inbred lines. Field Crops Research, 95(2-3), 212-222. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.02.011.##Doswell, C. (2019). Maize in the Third World. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL, USA.##Fan, X. M., Chen, H. M., Tan, J., Xu, C. X., Zhang, Y. M., Huang, Y. X., & Kang, M. S. (2008). A new maize heterotic pattern between temperate and tropical germplasms. Agronomy Journal, 100, 917-923. doi: 10.2134/agronj2007.0298.##Fan, X. M., Zhang, Y. D., Liu, L., Chen, H. M., Yao, W. H., Kang, M., & Yang, J. Y. (2010). Screening tropical germplasm by temperate inbred testers. Maydica, 55, 55-63.##Gouesnard, B., Sanou, J., Panouille, A., Bourion, V., & Boyat, A. (1996). Evaluation of agronomic traits and analysis of exotic germplasm polymorphism in adapted exotic maize crosses. Theoretical & Applied Genetics, 92, 368-374. doi: 10.1007/BF00223681.## Grafton, Q. R., Williams, J., & Jiang, Q. (2015). Food and water gaps to 2050: Preliminary results from the global food and water system (gfws) platform. Food Security, 7, 209–210. doi: 10.1007/s12571-015-0439-8.##Kemptorn, P. (1957). An Introduction to Genetic Statistics. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 545 p.##Lanes, E. C. M., Viana, J. M. S., Paes, G. P., Paula, M. F. B., & Maia, C. (2014). Population structure and genetic diversity of maize inbreds derived from tropical hybrids. Genetics & Molecular Research, 13(3), 7365-7376. doi: 10.4238/2014.September.12.2.##Liu, K. J., Goodman, M. M., Muse, S., Smith, J. S., Bucker, E., & Doebley, J. (2003). Genetic structure and diversity among maize inbred lines as inferred from DNA microsatellites. Genetics, 165, 2117-2128. 10.1093/genetics/165.4.2117.##Meseka, S., Williams, W. P., Warburton, M. L., Brown, R. L., Augusto, J., Ortega-Beltran, A., Bandyopadhyay, R., & Menki, A. (2018). Heterotic affinity and combining ability of exotic maize inbred lines for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation. Euphytica, 214, 184. doi: 10.1007/s10681-018-2254-8.##Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture. (2023). Statistics report of 2021-2022 years. Statistics and Information Office, Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Tehran, Iran. [In Persian].##Momeni, H., Shiri, M., Hervan, E. M., & Khosroshahli, M. (2020). The usefulness of GGE biplot methodology for line × tester data of maize inbred lines. Bragantia, 79, 537-545. doi: 10.1590/1678-4499.20200130.##National Corn Growers Association. (2023). World of corn 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2023, from https://ncga.com/world-of-corn-iframe/pdf/WOC-2023.pdf.##Nelson, P. T., & Goodman, M. M. (2008). Evaluation of elite exotic maize inbreds for use in temperate breeding. Crop Science, 48, 85-92. 10.2135/cropsci2007.05.0287.##Prasanna, B. M. (2012). Diversity in global maize germplasm: Characterization and utilization. Journal of Biosciences, 37, 843-855. doi: 10.1007/s12038-012-9227-1.##Ruswandi, D., Suprianta, J., Waluyo, B., Makkulawu, A. T., Suryandi, E., Chindy, Z. U., & Ruswandi, S. (2015). GGE biplot analysis for combining ability of grain yield and early maturity in maize mutant in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Crop Science, 7, 160-173. doi: 10.3923/ajcs.2015.##Shiri, M. (2017). The performance of temperate maize testers for screening of tropical and subtropical germplasm. Journal of Crop Breeding, 9(23), 85-94. [In Persian]. doi: 10.29252/jcb.9.23.85.##Shiri, M., & Ebrahimi, L. (2017). The selection of maize lines derived from CIMMYT germplasm through combining ability with temperate testers. Cereal Research, 7(1), 101-114. [In Persian]. doi: 10.22124/c.2017.2431.##Shiri, M., Aliyev, R. T., & Choukan, R. (2010). Water stress effects on combining ability and gene action of yield and genetic properties of drought tolerance indices in maize. Research Journal of Environmental Science, 4(1), 75-84. doi: 10.3923/rjes.2010.75.84.##Shiri, M., Choukan, R., & Aliyev, R. T. (2015). Drought stress effects on gene action and combining ability of maize inbred lines. Seed & Plant Journal, 31(3), 421-440 [In Persian]. doi: 10.22092/SPIJ.2017.111268.##Shiri, M., Choukan, R., Estakhr, A., Fareghi, S., & Afarinesh, A. (2021). Temperate tester’s efficiency in the screening of tropical and subtropical maize germplasm. Cereal Research Communications, 49, 639-647. doi: 10.1007/s42976-021-00141-5.##Simic, D., Presterl, T., Seitz, G., & Geeiger, H. H. (2003). Comparing methods for integrating exotic germplasm into European forage maize breeding programs. Crop Science, 43(6), 1952-1959. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2003.1952.##Whitehead, F. C., Caton, H. G., Hallauer, A. R., Vasal, S., & Cordova, H. (2006). Incorporation of elite subtropical and tropical maize germplasm into elite temperate germplasm. Maydica, 51(1), pp. 43-56.##Yan, W. (2001). GGEbiplot- A windows application for graphical analysis of multi-environment trial data and othertypes of two-way data. Agronomy Journal, 93(5), 1111-1118. doi: 10.2134/agronj2001.9351111x.##Yan, W., & Hunt, L. A. (2002). Biplot analysis of diallel data. Crop Science, 42(1), 21-30. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2002.0021.##Yan, W., & Kang, M. S. (2002). GGE Biplot Analysis: A Graphical Tool for Breeders, Geneticists, and Agronomists. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 605 p.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics