Evaluating morpho-phenological and yield traits of bread wheat cultivars and near-isogenic lines in response to terminal heat stress in Ahvaz, Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M. Sc. Student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Heat stress is a growing threat to food security and agricultural production. Terminal heat stress is a major abiotic stress especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions dramatically affecting crop growth and yield. The use of early-heading bread wheat cultivars is an appropriate method for many grain-producing regions experiencing terminal heat stress. In this experiment, the effect of terminal heat stress was assessed on morpho-phenological and yield traits of bread wheat cultivars and near-isogenic lines. The objective of this study was to use cultivars and near isogenic lines with early flowering to investigate the effect of earliness on grain yield and some phenological and agronomic traits of bread wheat in order to obtain superior cultivars and isogenic lines in terms of tolerance to heat stress caused by late sowing date.
Materials and methods
The experiment was carried out in split-plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2022-2023. The main plots included two sowing dates, November 23 and January 23 (normal and late sowing dates, respectively), and the sub-plots consisted seven bread wheat cultivars and near-isogenic lines (Roshan, Kalheydari, Mahdavi, Roshan’s near-isogenic line, Kalheydari’s near-isogenic line, Mahdavi’s near-isogenic line, and Mehrgan as control). Sowing date with desired temperature was considered as control, and late sowing date was considered as heat stress to ensure heat stress coincided with flowering and grain-filling phases. The data regarding grain yield, spike weight, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000-grain weigh, biological yield, harvest index, plant height, days to heading, and days to maturity was recorded.
Research findings
The results of this experiment showed that there was a significant difference between bread wheat cultivars and isogenic lines in terms of most studied traits. Heat stress induced by late sowing caused a significant decrease in grain yield of cultivars and near-isogenic lines through a significant reduction in spike weight, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, and 1000-grain weight. Reduction values ​​of the traits in cultivars were more than their near-isogenic lines. Heat stress led to a significant decrease in the grain yield of Roshan cultivar, Roshan’s near-isogenic line, Kalheydari cultivar, Kalheydari’s near-isogenic line, Mahdavi cultivar, Mahdavi’s near-isogenic line, and Mehrgan cultivar by 36, 35, 31, 31, 35, 32, and 30%, respectively, compared to normal sowing date as control. Decrease values in cultivars were almost similar to their near-isogenic lines, but Mahdavi’s cultivar and near-isogenic line as well as Mehrgan cultivar showed the highest grain yield in both sowing dates compared to other cultivars and isogenic lines. The isogenic lines were approximately 7 to 14 days earlier in maturity than their cultivars. In near-isogenic lines of Roshan, Kalheydari and Mahdavi, reducing the number of days from sowing to heading (5, 6, 11 days, respectively), and the number of days from sowing to full maturity (8, 7, 14 days, respectively) as two main components of earliness, caused to minimize exposure to terminal heat stress during the flowering and grain filling phases, and higher grain yield and stability.
Conclusion
Overall, the results of this experiment showed that the studied near-isogenic lines were superior to cultivars in term of grain yield, and agronomic and morphological traits. Mahdavi’s near-isogenic line using the earliness strategy and shortening the number of days to flowering and maturity had the highest grain yield and stability, it is recommended along with Mehrgan cultivar for both normal and late sowing date conditions in Khuzestan region.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Bavei, V., Vaezi, B., Abdipour, M., Kamali, M. J., & Roustaii, M. (2011). Screening of tolerant spring barleys for terminal heat stress: different importance of yield components in barleys with different row type. International Journal of Plant Breeding & Genetics, 5(3), 175-193. doi: 10.3923/ijpbg.2011.175.193.##Behneh, M., Rezvan, S., Sanjani, S., & Masoud Sinaki, J. (2022). Response of agronomic and phenological characteristics of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with different growth habit to delayed planting. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 20(4), 451-466. [In Persian]. doi: 10.22067/jcesc.2022.75720.1151.##Blum, A. (2010). Plant Breeding for Water Limited Environments. Springer, New York. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7491-4.##Cockram, J., Jones, H., Leigh, F. J., O’Sullivan, D., Powell, W., Laurie, D. A., & Greenland, A. J. (2007). Control of flowering time in temperate cereals: Genes, domestication, and sustainable productivity . Journal of Experimental Botany, 58, 1231-1244. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erm042.##Fischer, R. A. (2011). Wheat physiology: A review of recent developments. Crop & Pasture Science, 62(2), 95-114. doi: 10.1071/CP10344.##Dorrani-Nejad, M., Kazemipour, A., Maghsoudi-Moud, A. A. & Abdolshahi, R. (2022). Wheat breeding for early heading: does it improve grain yield under drought stress and well-watered conditions? Environmental & Experimental Botany, 200, 104902. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2022.104902.##Garshasbi, L., Paknejad, F., jasemi, S., Ilkaee, M. N., & Sanjani, S. (2020). Evaluation of quantitative traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in different planting dates. Journal of Agroecology, 12(4), 703-721. [In Persian].  doi: 10.22067/agry.2021.37597.##Harrison, M. T. (2021). Climate change benefits negated by extreme heat. Nature Food, 2(11), 855-856. doi: 10.1038/s43016-021-00387-6.##Hill, C. B., & Li, C. (2022). Genetic improvement of heat stress tolerance in cereal crops. Agronomy, 12(5), 1205. doi: 10.3390/agronomy12051205.##Hyles, J., Bloomfield, M. T., Hunt, J. R., Trethowan, R. M., & Trevaskis, B. (2020). Phenology and related traits for wheat adaptation. Heredity, 125, 417-430. doi: 10.1038/s41437-020-0320-1.##Izanloo, A., Condon, A., Langridge, P., Tester, M., & Schnurbusch, T. )2008(. Different mechanisms of adaptation to cyclic water stress in two South Australian bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59, 3327-3346. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ern199.##Joshi, M. A., Faridullah, S., & Kumar, A. (2016). Effect of heat stress on crop phenology, yield and seed quality attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Agrometeorology, 18(2), 206-215. doi: 10.54386/jam.v18i2.937.##Khichar, M. L., & Niwas, R. (2006). Microclimatic profiles under different sowing environments in wheat. Journal of Agrometeorology, 8, 201-209. doi: 10.54386/jam.v8i2.1048.##Liu, B., Asseng, S., Müller, C., Ewert, F., Elliott, J., Lobell, D. B., Martre, P., Ruane, A. C., Wallach, D., Jones, J. W., Rosenzweig, C., Aggarwal, P. K., et al. (2016). Similar estimates of temperature impacts on global wheat yield by three independent methods. Nature Climate Change, 6(12), 1130-1136. doi: 10.1038/nclimate3115.##Modarresi, M., Mohammadi, V., Zali, A., & Mardi, M. (2011). Evaluation of heat stress tolerance indices in wheat. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 42(3), 465-474. [In Persian]. dorl: 20.1001.1.20084811.1390.42.3.4.4.##Moshatati, A., Siadat, S. A., Bakhshandeh, A., & Jalal-Kamali, M. R. (2018). The effect of growth and development periods on grain yield of spring bread wheat under terminal heat stress in Ahwaz. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 11(1), 197-209. [In Persian]. doi: 10.22077/escs.2017.355.1067.##Mousavi, F., Siahpoosh, M. R., & Sorkheh, K. (2021). Influence of sowing date and terminal heat stress on phonological features and yield components of bread wheat genotypes. Plant Productions, 44(2), 157-170. [In Persian]. doi: 10.22055/ppd.2019.28957.1744.##Omidi, M., Siahpoosh, M., Mamghani, R., & Modarresi, M. (2015). Heat tolerance evaluating of wheat cultivars using physiological characteristics and stress tolerance indices in Ahvaz climatic conditions. Plant Productions, 38(1), 103-113. [In Persian]. doi: 10.22055/ppd.2015.11135.##Oraki, A., Siahpoosh, M. R., Rahnama, A., & Lakzadeh, I. (2016). The effects of terminal heat stress on yield, yield components, and some morpho-phenological traits of barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Ahvaz weather conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 47(1), 29-40. [In Persian]. doi: 10.22059/ijfcs.2016.63586.##Rajaram, S. (2001). Prospects and promise of wheat breeding in the 21st century. Euphytica, 119, 3-15. doi: 10.1023/A:1017538304429.##Rehman, H. U., Tariq, A., Ashraf, I., Ahmed, M., Muscolo, A., Basra, S. M. A., & Reynolds, M. (2021). Evaluation of physiological and morphological traits for improving spring wheat adaptation to terminal heat stress. Plants, 10(3), 455. doi: 10.3390/plants10030455.##Reynolds, M., Foulkes, M. J., Slafer, G. A., Berry, P., Parry, M. A., Snape, J. W., & Angus, W. J. (2009). Raising yield potential in wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60(7), 1899-1918. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erp016.##Rezaeizadeh, A., Mohammadi, V., Siahpoosh, M., & Ahmadi, A. (2020). The response of Iranian spring wheat cultivars to heat stress at anthesis and grain filling stages. Journal of Crop Breeding, 12(33), 102-109. [In Persian]. doi: 10.29252/jcb.12.33.102.##Rousset, M., Bonnin, I., Remoué, C., Falque, M., Rhoné, B., Veyrieras, J. B., Madur, D., Murigneux, A., Balfourier, F., & Le Gouis, J. (2011). Deciphering the genetics of flowering time by an association study on candidate genes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical & Applied Genetics, 123, 907-926. doi: 10.1007/s00122-011-1636-2.##Sade, N., del Mar Rubio-Wilhelmi, M., Umnajkitikorn, K., & Blumwald, E. (2018). Stress-induced senescence and plant tolerance to abiotic stress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 69(4), 845-853. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erx235.##Sadras, V. O. (2007). Evolutionary aspects of the trade-off between seed size and number in crops. Field Crops Research, 100(2-3), 125-138. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2006.07.004.##Salehi, F., Rahnama, A., Meskarbashee, M., Mehdi Khanlou, K., & Ghorbanpour, M. (2023). Physiological and metabolic changes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars in response to terminal heat stress. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 42, 6585-6600. doi: 10.1007/s00344-023-10911-6.##Seimrizade, S., Moshatati, A., Bakhshandeh, A., Khodaei Joghan, A., & Koochekzadeh, A. (2021). The effect of vermicompost on yield and yield components of wheat under terminal heat stress conditions in Ahwaz. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 14(4), 1139-1145. [In Persian]. doi: 10.22077/escs.2020.3384.1853.##Sharma, D., Singh, R., Rane, J., Gupta, V. K., Mamrutha, H. M., & Tiwari, R. (2016). Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with grain filling duration and grain number under terminal heat stress in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Breeding, 135, 538-545. Doi: 10.1111/pbr.12405.##Shirdelmoghanloo, H., Chen, K., Paynter, B., Angessa, T. T., Westcott, S., Khan, H. A., Hill, C. B., & Li, C. (2022). Grain-filling rate improves physical grain quality in barley under heat stress conditions during the grain-filling period. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 858652. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.858652.##Shirdelmoghanloo, H., Taylor, J. D., Lohraseb, I., Rabie, H., Brien, C., Timmins, A., Martin, P., Mather, D. E., Emebiri, L., & Collins, N. C. (2016). A QTL on the short arm of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosome 3B affects the stability of grain weight in plants exposed to a brief heat shock early in grain filling. BMC Plant Biology, 16(100), 2-15. doi: 10.1186/s12870-016-0784-6.##Singh, Kh., Sharma, S. N., & Sharma, Y. (2011). Effect of high temperature on yield attributing traits in bread wheat. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 36, 415-426. doi: 10.3329/BJAR.V36I3.9270.##Tewolde, H., Fernandez, C. J., & Erickson, C. A. (2006). Wheat cultivars adapted to post ‐heading high temperature stress. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science, 192, 111-120. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2006.00189.x.##Wilhelm, E. P., Mullen, R. E., Keeling, P. L., & Singletary, G. W. (1999). Heat stress during grain filling in maize: Effects on kernel growth and metabolism. Crop Sciences, 39, 1733-1741. doi: 10.2135/cropsci1999.3961733x.##Yin, X., Guo, W., & Spiertz, J. H. A. (2009). Quantitative approach to characterize sink–source relationships during grain filling in contrasting wheat genotypes. Field Crops Research, 114, 119-126. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.07.013.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics