مقایسه اثر تنش شوری و کم آبی بر رشد و محتوای سدیم و پتاسیم گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی و مقایسه اثر تنش­های شوری و کم­آبی بر ویژگی‏های مورفو-فیزیولوژیکی گیاهچه­های گندم (رقم فلات)، آزمایشی گلدانی به­صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه یاسوج در سال 1394 انجام شد. در مجموع هفت تیمار شامل سه سطح از هر یک از تنش­های شوری و کم­آبی القاء شده با پتانسیل اسمزی مشابه (47/2- ، 94/4- و 42/7- بار) به­همراه یک تیمار شاهد مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. تنش شوری با استفاده از کلرید سدیم و تنش کم­آبی با استفاده از پلی‏اتیلن‏گلیکول 6000 اعمال شدند. وزن خشک اندام هوایی در تیمارهای مختلف تنش شوری و تنش کم­آبی نسبت به شاهد، کاهش معنی‏داری نشان داد. تنش کم­آبی سبب افزایش وزن خشک ریشه شد و بیشترین میزان وزن خشک ریشه در تیمار 42/7- بار پلی‏اتیلن‏گلیکول مشاهده شد. بیشترین میزان محتوای سدیم اندام هوایی و ریشه در تیمار تنش شوری 42/7- بار و کمترین آن در شرایط تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد که با سطوح تنش کم­آبی تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. همچنین تیمار تنش شوری 42/7- بار موجب کاهش معنی‏دار محتوای پتاسیم اندام هوایی و ریشه شد. بالاترین نسبت پتاسیم اندام هوایی به ریشه در تیمار شاهد و کمترین آن در تیمار تنش شوری 42/7- بار مشاهده شد. با افزایش سطح هر دو تنش شوری و کم­آبی، میزان پروتئین­های‏ محلول و فعالیت آنزیم­های کاتالاز و پراکسیداز افزایش معنی‏داری نشان دادند. در مجموع، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تنش شوری نسبت به تنش کم­آبی تأثیر منفی بیشتری بر گندم دارد و وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه را کاهش می­دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the effect of water deficit and salt stresses on the growth, sodium and potassium content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmood Attarzadeh 1
  • Mohsen Movahhedi Dehnavi 2
  • Mohammadreza Ghaffarian Hedesh 1
چکیده [English]

To study the effect of water deficit and salinity stresses on morpho-physiological characteristics of wheat seedling cv. Flat, a pot experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with three replications in Faculty of Agriculture, University of Yasouj, Iran, in 2015. The studied treatments were seven treatments including three levels of each water deficit and salinity stresses with similar osmotic potential (-2.47, -4.94 and -7.42 bar) together with a control treatment (Hoagland solution). Salinity and drought stresses were applied using sodium chloride and polyethylene glycol 6000, respectively. The results showed that shoot dry weight significantly decreased under the effect of salinity and drought stresses compared to control treatment. Drought stress increased root dry weight of wheat, so that the highest root dry weight was observed in polyethylene glycol of -7.42 bar. The maximum and minimum sodium content of shoot and root obtained from -7.42 bar salinity and control, respectively which have not significant differences with drought stress levels. The salinity of -7.42 bar significantly reduced shoot and root potassium content. The highest shoot to root potassium ratio obtained form control and the lowest from -7.42 bar salinity stress. Protein content and catalase and peroxidase enzymes activity significantly increased by increasing the salinity and drought levels. In general, the results of this study showed that salinity compared to water stress have higher negative influence on wheat which reduces shoot and root dry weight.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Catalase
  • Dry matter
  • Peroxidase
  • Soluble protein
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