گزینش لاین های نوترکیب پرمحصول و برتر نسل F11 برنج با استفاده از روش گزینش شاخصی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

مهم­ترین هدف اصلاحی در بیش­تر گیاهان زراعی، افزایش عملکرد دانه است، با این­حال ماهیت ژنتیکی پیچیده عملکرد و تاثیرپذیری آن از صفات دیگر موجب می­شود که گزینش مستقیم بر مبنای عملکرد دانه چندان موفقیت­آمیز نباشد. از این­رو، لازم است صفات دیگری با توارث ساده­تر و وراثت­پذیری بالاتر از عملکرد به­عنوان معیارهای گزینشی معرفی شوند تا گزینش غیرمستقیم بر مبنای آن­ها در نهایت بتواند موجب بهبود عملکرد دانه در جمعیت مورد مطالعه شود. هدف از این تحقیق، شناسایی و معرفی معیارهای گزینش مناسب به­منظور اصلاح عملکرد دانه در یک جمعیت نسل F11 برنج با استفاده از شاخص گزینش پایه بود. مواد گیاهی تحقیق، 141 لاین نوترکیب نسل F11 حاصل از تلاقی دو رقم برنج ایرانی سپیدرود و غریب بودند که در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان در سال 1397 کشت شدند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل تعداد روز تا 50 درصد گلدهی، تعداد روز تا رسیدگی، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد پنجه و تعداد خوشه در بوته، طول خوشه، تعداد دانه پر، پوک و تعداد کل دانه در خوشه، درصد باروری خوشه، وزن هزار دانه، طول، عرض و شکل دانه و عملکرد دانه بود. نتایج تجزیه علیت فنوتیپی و ژنوتیپی نشان داد که صفات تعــداد خوشه در بوته، تعداد دانه پر در خوشه و وزن هزار دانه دارای بیش­ترین اثر مستقیم مثبت و معنی­دار بر عملکرد دانه بودند. بررسی شاخص­های انتخاب پایه و مقایسه آن­ها بر مبنای معیارهای مختلف ارزیابی شده، به­ویژه میزان پیشرفت ژنتیکی هر یک از صفات و سودمندی نسبی گزینش بر مبنای شاخص در مقایسه با گزینش مستقیم بر مبنای عملکرد دانه، نشان داد که استفاده از شاخص­های گزینش پایه بر مبنای ضرایب همبستگی فنوتیپی و ژنوتیپی معنی­دار با عملکرد دانه و نیز ضرایب علیت صفات تعداد خوشه در بوته، تعداد دانه پر در خوشه و وزن هزار دانه، مطلوب­ترین شاخص­ها جهت گزینش لاین­های پرمحصول در جمعیت نسل F11 مورد مطالعه بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Selecting superior and high yielding recombinant inbred lines of an F11 rice population using index selection method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Jokarfard 1
  • BABAK RABIEI 2
1 M. Sc. Student, Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

The most important breeding objective in most crop plants is to increase grain yield, however, the complex genetic nature of grain yield and the influence of other traits make direct selection based on grain yield less successful. Therefor, it is necessary to introduce the other traits with simpler inheritance and higher heritability than grain yield as selection criteria, so that indirect selection based on them can lead to improve grain yield in the studied population. The objective of this study was to identify and introduce appropriate selection criteria to improve grain yield in an F11 rice population using base selection index. The plant materials of this study were 141 recombinant inbred lines of F11 generation derived from a cross between two Iranian rice cultivars, Gharib and Sepidrood, which were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at research field of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran, in 2018. The studied traits were included days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of total tiller and panicle per plant, panicle length, number of filled and unfilled grain per panicle, number of spikelet per panicle, panicle fertility percentage, 1000 grain weight, grain length, width and shape and grain yield. The results of phenotypic and genotypic path analysis showed that number of panicle per plant, number of grain per panicle and 1000-grain weight had the most positive and significant direct effects on grain yield. Assessing the base selection indices and comparing them based on different evaluated criteria, specially genetic advance of each trait and relative efficiency of index- based selection than direct selection of grain yield also showed that the use of base selection indices based on phenotypic and genotypic correlation cefficients as well as path coefficients of number of panicle per plant, number of filled grain per panicle and 1000-grain weight were the most appropriate indices for selecting high yielding lines in the studied F11 population.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genetic advance
  • Genotypic correlation
  • Path analysis
  • Relative efficiency
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