مطالعه تاثیر مدیریت آبیاری و میزان کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج رقم هاشمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

4 استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

کم­آبی سال­هالی اخیر باعث شد که دست­یابی به بهترین مدیریت آب و کود در کشت برنج بیش از پیش اهمیت داشته باشد. مطالعه حاضر به­منظور بررسی تاثیر سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن و دور آبیاری در مراحل مختلف رشد بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج رقم هاشمی انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 1396 و 1397 در موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور واقع در شهر رشت اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد مطالعه شامل آبیاری (غرقاب دائم و آبیاری هر هفته و هر دو هفته یک‌بار)، دوره رشد (در مراحل رشد رویشی و زایشی) و سطوح کود نیتروژن (40، 60 و 80 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. صفات مورد مطالعه نیز شامل ارتفاع بوته، طول خوشه، تعداد خوشه در بوته، تعداد خوشه­چه در خوشه، تعداد دانه پر در خوشه، درصد باروری خوشه، تعداد دانه پوک در خوشه، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس صفات نشان داد که آثار اصلی و متقابل فاکتورهای مورد مطالعه بر عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود. همچنین، اثر متقابل دوره رشد، کود نیتروژن و دور آبیاری طی دو سال بر این صفت در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. با مصرف کود نیتروژن در شرایط آبیاری غرقاب دائم، مقادیر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه (به­غیر از تعداد دانه پوک) به­طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافتند. در بین تیمارهای مورد مطالعه، بیش­ترین و کم­ترین عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب مربوط به تیمار آبیاری غرقاب دائم در دوره رویشی با مصرف 80 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن در سال 1397 و تیمار آبیاری 14روز یک‌بار با مصرف 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن در دوره رشد زایشی در سال 1396 بود. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش، آبیاری غرقاب دائم در دوره رشد رویشی و مصرف 80 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن به­عنوان بهترین مدیریت آبیاری و کود نیتروژن پیشنهاد می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of irrigation management and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of Hashemi rice cultivar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Moradi 1
  • Naser Mohammadian Roshan 2
  • Ebrahim Amiri 3
  • Majid Ashouri 2
  • Mojtaba Rezaei 4
1 Ph. D. Student, Department of Agriculture, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
2 Assist. Prof., Department of Agriculture, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
3 Prof., Department of Water Engineering, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
4 Research Assist. Prof., Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

The recent water shortage caused a need to find the best way of water and nitrogen management. In this study, the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and irrigation interval at different growth stages were investigated on the yield and yield components of rice (Hashemi variety). The experiment was conducted in factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Rasht, Iran, during two years, 2017 and 2018. The studied factors included irrigation (flood irrigation, irrigation intervals of one and two weeks), growth stage (vegetative and reproductive stages) and nitrogen fertilizer levels (40, 60, and 80 kg.ha−1). The studied traits were plant height, panicle length, number of panicles per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, number of unfilled grains per panicle, panicle fertility percentage, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. The results of analysis of variance showed that the main and interaction effects of the studied factors on grain yield was significant. Also, the interaction effect of growth period, nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation interval on grain yield during two years was significant at the 1% probability level. The results showed that the grain yield and yield components (except for the number of unfilled grain) significantly increased with the application of nitrogen fertilizer under flood irrigation conditions. Among the studied treatments, the highest and lowest grain yield were belonged to flood irrigation in the vegetative stage with 80 kg.ha−1 nitrogen fertilizer in 2018, and irrigation interval of two weeks in the reproductive stage with 40 kg.ha−1 of nitrogen fertilizer in 2017, respectively. Based on the results of this experiment, flood irrigation during the vegetative growth stage and the application of 80 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer is recommended as the best irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Interval irrigation
  • Growth stages
  • Production
  • Water management
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