ارزیابی عملکرد لاین‌های امیدبخش سورگوم [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] دو منظوره دانه‌ای- علوفه‌ای در زمان‌های مختلف برداشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی عملکرد دانه و علوفه در لاین‌های امیدبخش سورگوم، آزمایشی دو ساله به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج طی سال‌های زراعی 1396 و 1397 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل زمان برداشت در چهار سطح (مراحل شیری، خمیری نرم، خمیری سفت و رسیدگی فیزیولوژیکی دانه) و ژنوتیپ‌های سورگوم دو منظوره دانه‌ای- علوفه‌ای در هفت سطح (لاین‌های امیدبخش KDFGS4، KDFGS6، KDFGS9، KGFGS10، KDFGS16، MDFGS2 و MDFGS1) بودند. بیش­ترین و کم­ترین عملکرد دانه (6847 و 4061 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به‌ترتیب از لاین‌های KDFGS6 و KDFGS16 به­دست آمد، در حالی‌که بیش­ترین و کم­ترین وزن هزار دانه (27/35 و 03/22 گرم) به‌ترتیب در لاین‌های KDFGS6 و MDFGS2 ثبت شد. لاین MDFGS1 بیش­ترین عملکرد علوفه سیلویی (73/101 تن در هکتار) را در مرحله خمیری نرم دانه و بیش­ترین عملکرد ماده خشک (13/38 تن در هکتار) را در مرحله رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک دانه تولید کرد. به­طور کلی، با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، لاین KDFGS6 به­عنوان بهترین ژنوتیپ دو منظوره برای تولید دانه- علوفه و لاین MDFGS1 به­عنوان بهترین ژنوتیپ برای تولید علوفه معرفی می‌شوند. علاوه بر این، بر اساس درصد ماده خشک مناسب علوفه برای تولید سیلاژ، پیشنهاد می‌شود علوفه لاین‌های امیدبخش سورگوم دومنظوره در مرحله خمیری نرم دانه برداشت شود. بنابراین، برداشت علوفه از لاین امیدبخش MDFGS1 در انتهای مرحله خمیری نرم به­عنوان تیمار برتر این آزمایش برای تولید سیلاژ پیشنهاد می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Yield evaluation of promising lines of dual-purpose grain-forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] at different harvesting times

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Ebrahim Khalilian 1
  • Davood Habibi 2
  • Farid Golzardi 3
  • Fayaz Aghayari 4
  • Azim Khazaei 3
1 Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3 Research Assist. Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
4 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the grain and forage yield in promising sorghum lines, a two years factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran, during 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. Experimental factors included harvesting time at four levels (milk, soft dough, hard dough and physiological maturity stages of grain) and dual-purpose grain-forage sorghum genotypes at seven levels (KDFGS4, KDFGS6, KDFGS9, KGFGS10, KDFGS16, MDFGS1, and MDFGS2). Maximum and minimum grain yields (6847 and 4061 kg.ha-1, respectively) were obtained from KDFGS6 and KDFGS16 lines, respectively, whereas the maximum and minimum 1000-grain weight (35.27 and 22.03 g, respectively) were recorded in KDFGS6 and MDFGS2 lines, respectively. MDFGS1 line produced the highest silage forage (101.73 ton.ha-1) at the grain soft dough stage, and the highest dry matter (38.13 ton.ha-1) at the grain physiological maturity stage. In total, according to the results of this experiment, KDFGS6 line is introduced as the best dual-purpose genotype for grain-forage production and MDFGS1 line as the suitable genotype for forage production. Furthermore, based on the suitable dry matter percentage of forage for silage production, it is recommended that the forage of promising dual-purpose sorghum lines be harvested at the grain soft dough stage. Therefore, forage harvesting from MDFGS1 promising line at the end of the soft dough stage is suggested as the superior treatment of this experiment for silage production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dry matter
  • Genotype
  • Grain yield
  • Panicle
  • Silage production

مراجع

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تحقیقات غلات
دوره 11، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 135-147

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