ارزیابی ژرم‌پلاسم تقلیل یافته ارزن مرواریدی برای صفات مرتبط با عملکرد علوفه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 کارشناس، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

ارزن مرواریدی (Pennisetum glaucum L.) یکی از گیاهان مهم مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک است که به­منظور تولید دانه و علوفه کشت می‌شود. ارزیابی و استفاده از ژرم‌پلاسم­های جدید جهت به­دست آوردن ارقام جدید با عملکرد بالا، سازگاری به تنش‌های محیطی و مقاومت به آفات و عوامل بیماری‌زا ضروری است. به­منظور ارزیابی ژرم­پلاسم ارزن مرواریدی از نظر صفات مرتبط با عملکرد علوفه، 94 نمونه ارزن مرواریدی از بانک ژن ایکریسات به­همراه رقم مهران و یک لاین امیدبخش (KPM1) در قالب طرح لاتیس در دو تکرار کشت شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان­دهنده وجود تفاوت معنی‌دار بین ژنوتیپ­ها از نظر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی (تعداد روز تا گلدهی، ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد برگ، تعداد پنجه و عملکرد علوفه) به­جز تعداد پنجه، در سطح احتمال یک درصد بود. مقایسه میانگین عملکرد علوفه نیز نشان داد که ژنوتیپ شماره 63  با تولید 92/81 تن در هکتار علوفه تر، به­طور معنی­داری عملکرد بیش­تری از رقم شاهد (مهران) داشت. محاسبه ضریب تنوع فنوتیپی صفات اندازه­گیری شده نشان داد که بیش­ترین تنوع مربوط به صفات قطر ساقه و عملکرد علوفه بود. نتایج تجزیه خوشه­ای و تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی نیز ساختار ژنتیکی جمعیت حاضر را بر اساس زمان گلدهی به سه زیرگروه (زودرس، متوسط­رس و دیررس) تقسیم کرد. در مجموع، وجود تنوع ژنتیکی قابل­توجه و ساختار قوی موجود در جمعیت بر اساس زمان گلدهی نشان داد که ژرم­پلاسم مورد مطالعه، خزانه ژنی مهمی در ارزن مرواریدی برای استفاده در برنامه‌های اصلاحی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of pearl millet mini core collection for forage yield related traits

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Ataei 1
  • Ali Mahrokh 1
  • Mohammad Razmi- Charmkhoran 2
1 Research Assist. Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Research Assistant, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is one of the most important crops in arid and semi-arid regions that is cultivated for grain and forage. Evaluation and using of new germplasms are essential for breeding new and high-yielding cultivars, adaptation to environmental stresses, and resistance to pests and pathogens. in order to evaluate pearl millet germplasm, 94 accessions from minicar collection with Mehran and KPM1 (as control) were cultivated in lattice design with two replications. The results of ANOVA showed that all the studied traits (number of days to flowering, height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of tillers and forage yield) except the number of tillers were significant at 1% probability level. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) showed that the highest diversity was related to stem diameter and forage yield. Means comparison by LSD showed that genotype 63 (with 81.92 t/ha fresh forage yield) had significantly more forage yield than control cultivar (Mehran). The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the genetic structure of the present population can be assigned to flowering time with three sub-groups (Early, Medium and Late maturity). Substantial genetic diversity and strong population structure based on flowering time suggested the present panel is an important gene pool in pearl millet for using in breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pearl Millet
  • Genetic diversity
  • Minicore collection
  • ICRISAT
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