اثر مصرف کودهای زیستی و پوترسین بر مولفه های پرشدن دانه و انتقال مجدد ماده خشک تریتیکاله (Triticosecale Wittmack) در شرایط محدودیت آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی تاثیر مصرف کودهای زیستی و پوترسین بر مولفه­های پر شدن دانه، انتقال مجدد ماده خشک و عملکرد دانه تریتیکاله در شرایط محدودیت آبی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال زراعی 99-1398 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری کامل به­عنوان شاهد و قطع آبیاری در 50 درصد مراحل آبستنی و سنبله­دهی به‌ترتیب به­عنوان محدودیت شدید و ملایم آبی)، مصرف کودهای زیستی در چهار سطح (عدم مصرف به­عنوان شاهد، مصرف ورمی­کمپوست، میکوریزا، مصرف توام ورمی‌کمپوست و میکوریزا) و محلول­پاشی پوترسین (محلول­پاشی با آب به­­­­عنوان شاهد و محلول­پاشی 4/0 و 8/0 میلی­مولار) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که مصرف توام ورمی‌کمپوست و میکوریزا به­همراه محلول‌پاشی 8/0 میلی‌مولار پوترسین در شرایط آبیاری کامل، موجب کاهش انتقال مجدد ماده خشک از ساقه (59/34 درصد) و اندام هوایی (76/28 درصد) و سهم این فرآیندها در عملکرد دانه (به‌ترتیب 14/94 و 74/85 درصد) نسبت به شرایط عدم مصرف کودهای زیستی و پوترسین در تیمار قطع آبیاری در مرحله آبستنی شد. همچنین مصرف توام ورمی‌کمپوست و میکوریزا به­همراه محلول‌پاشی 8/0 میلی‌مولار پوترسین در تیمار آبیاری کامل، وزن ریشه (11/62 درصد)، حجم ریشه (17/63 درصد)، فتوسنتز جاری (53/85 درصد) و سهم این فرآیند در عملکرد دانه (65/28 درصد)، طول دوره پر شدن دانه (37/20 درصد) و عملکرد دانه (6/39 درصد) را نسبت به عدم مصرف کودهای زیستی و پوترسین در تیمار قطع آبیاری در مرحله آبستنی افزایش داد. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش به­نظر می­رسد مصرف کودهای زیستی و پوترسین با بهبود فتوسنتز جاری و مولفه­های پر شدن دانه، می‌توانند عملکرد دانه تریتیکاله را در شرایط محدودیت آبی افزایش دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of biofertilizer and putrescine application on grain filling components and dry matter remobilization of triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) under water limitation conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Narimani 1
  • Raouf Seyed sharifi 2
  • Mohammad Sedghi 2
1 Ph. D student, Crop Physiology, Department of Plant production and genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Prof. Department of Plant production and genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

To study the effect of biofertilizer and putrescine application on grain filling components and dry matter remobilization of triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) in water limitation conditions, an experiment was conducted as factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, in 2020. The experimental treatments were included irrigation in three levels (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% of heading and booting stages as moderate and severe water limitation, respectively), application of biofertilizers in four levels (no application as control, application of vermicompost, application of Mycorrhiza, both application vermicompost and Mycorrhiza), and application of putrescine (water sprying as control, and foliar application of 0.4 and 0.8 mM putrescine). The results showed that co-application of vermicompost and mycorrhiza along with foliar application of 0.8 mM putrescine under full irrigation conditions decreased dry matter remobilization from stem (34.59%) and shoot (28.76%) and their contribution in grain yield (94.14 and 85.74%, respectively) compared to no application of biofertilizers and putrescine under irrigation withholding conditions at booting stage. Furthermore, co-application of vermicompost and mycorrhiza along with foliar application of 0.8 mM putrescine under full irrigation conditions increased root weight (62.11%), root volume (63.17%), current photosynthesis (85.53%) as well as contribution of current photosynthesis in grain yield (28.65%), grain filling period (20.37%) and grain yield (39.6%) compared to no application of biofertilizers and putrescine under irrigation withholding conditions at booting stage. Based on the results of this experiment, it seems that the application of biofertilizers and foliar application of putrescine can increase the grain yield of triticale under water limitation conditions by improving current photosynthesis and grain filling components.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Current photosynthesis
  • Drought stress
  • Grain filling rate
  • Root weight
Adak, T., Singha, A., Kumar, K., Shukla, S. K., Singh, A. and Kumar Singh, V. 2014. Soil organic carbon, dehydrogenase activity, nutrient availability and leaf nutrient content as affected by organic and inorganic source of nutrient in mango orchard soil. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 14 (2): 394-406.##Aggelides, S. M. and Londra, P. A. 2000. Effects of compost produced from town wasted and sewage sludge on the physical properties of a loamy and clay soil. Bioresource Technology 71: 253-259.##Aghaei, F., Seyed Sharifi, R. and Narimani, H. 2020. Evaluation of yield, chlorophyll content, and grain filling components of wheat under salinity soil conditions and application of uniconazole and biofertilizers. Journal of Crops Improvement 22 (2): 269-282. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Bahrani, A., Heidari Sharif Abad, H., Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Z., Moafpourian, Gh. and Ayneh Band, A. 2011. Remobilization of dry matter in wheat: effects of nitrogen application and post-anthesis water deficit during grain filling. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 39 (4): 279-293.##Barnett, K. H. and Pearce, P. B. 1983. Source-Sink ratio alteration and its effect on physiological parameters in maize. Crop Science 23 (2): 101-109.##Begum, N., Qin, C., Ahanger, M. A., Raza, S., Khan, M. I., Ashraf, M., Ahmed, N. and Zhang, L. 2019. Role of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant growth regulation: Implications in abiotic stress tolerance. Frontiers in Plant Science 10: 1-15.##Bezabih, A., Girmay, G. and Lakewu, A. 2019. Performance of triticale varieties for the marginal highlands of Wag-Lasta, Ethiopia. Cogent Food and Agriculture 5: 1-11.##Druege, U., Baltruschat, H. and Franken, P. 2007. Piriformospora indica promotes adventitious root formation in cuttings. Scientia Horticulturae 112: 422-426.##Ebadi, N., Seyed Sharifi, R. and Narimani, H. 2020. Effects of supplementary irrigation and biofertilizers on grain yield, dry matter remobilization and some physiological traits of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under rainfed condition. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 10 (2): 123-135. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Ehdaie, B. and Waines, J. G. 1993. Variation in water use efficiency and its components in wheat. Crop Science 31: 1282-1288.##Ellis, R. H. and Pieta-Filho, C. 1992. The development of seed quality spring and winter cultivars of barley and wheat. Seed Science Research 2: 19-25.##Emadi, M. S., Hassibi, P. and Azimi, A. 2013. Effect of foliar application of putrescine and nutrient elements on grain yield and quality of two bread wheat cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 15 (3): 247-261. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Emadi, M. S., Hassibi, P. and Azimi, A. P. 2014. Effect of putresine and nutrients foliar application on some physiological characters of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bread cultivars in Ahvaz. Journal of Plant Productions 37 (4): 107-118. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Eskandari Torbaghan, M. and Fazeli Kakhki, S. F. 2021. An investigation of the effect of fertilizer enhancers on some yield components of wheat yield in the last irrigation cut in the field conditions. Journal of Plant Process and Function 10 (45): 89-106. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Ghodsi, M., Jalal Kamali, M. R., Chaichi, M. R. and Mazaheri, D. 2004. Dry matter accumulation and remobilization in bread wheat cultivars under water stress during pre- and postanthesis stages in field conditions. Iranian Journal of Field and Crops Research 1: 205-216. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Gianinazzi, S., Schuepp, H., Barea, J. M. and Haselwandter, K. 2001. Mycorrhizal technology in agriculture: from genes to bioproducts. Birkhauser, Basel. ISBN: 376436858. Also in: Mycorrhiza 13: 53-54. Lovato, P. Book review.##Heydarzadeh, S., Jalilian, J., Pirzad, A. and Jamei, R. 2020. Changes in partitioning and remobilization of assimilate in Maragheh vetch (Vicia sativa) cultivar under the influence of biological fertilizers and supplementary irrigation in the integrated tree, and crop system. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 11 (2): 36-49. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Islam, M. J., Uddin, M. J., Hossain, M. A., Henry, R., Begum, M. K., Sohel, M. A. T., Mou, M. A., Ahn, J., Cheong, E. J. and Lim, Y. S. 2022. Exogenous putrescine attenuates the negative impact of drought stress by modulating physiobiochemical traits and gene expression in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). PLOS ONE 17 (1): e0262099.##Jahangiri Nia, E., Syyadat, A., Koochakzadeh, A., Sayyahfar, M. and Moradi Talavat, M. R. 2017. The effect of vermicompost and mycorrhizal inoculation on grain yield and some physiological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) under water stress condition. Journal of Agroecology 8 (4): 583-597. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Kheirizadeh Arough, Y., Seyed Sharifi, R., Sedghi, M. and Barmaki, M. 2015. Effects of biofertilizers and nano zinc oxide on remobilization and some growth indices of triticale under water limitation conditions. Crop Physiology Journal 7 (26): 37-56. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Ma, S. C., Duan, A. W., Wang, R., Guan, Z. M., Yang, S. J., Ma, S. T. and Shao, Y. 2015. Root sourced signal and photosynthetic traits, dry matter accumulation and remobilization, and yield stability in winter wheat as affected by regulated deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management 148: 123-129.##Mohammadi Kale Sarlou, S., Seyed Sharifi, R., Sedghi, M., Narimani, H. and Khalilzadeh, R. 2021. Effects of Salinity, vermicompost, humic acid and seed inoculation with flavobacterim on grain filling of triticale. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 31 (2): 250-269. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Mohseni Mohammadjanlou, A., Seyed Sharifi, R. and Khomari, S. 2021. Effects of holding irrigation at reproductive stages and putrescine and bio fertilizers application on grain filling period, chlorophyll content and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 19 (2): 153-167. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Mustafavi, S. H., Badi, H. N., Sekara, A. N. and Al, E. 2018. Polyamines and their possible mechanisms involved in plant physiological processes and elicitation of secondary metabolites. Frontiers in plant Science 9: 1-13.##Naseri, R., Baray, M., Zarea, M. J., Khavazi, K. and Tahmasebi, Z. 2017. Effect of plant growth promoting bacteria and Mycorrhizal fungi on growth and yield of wheat under dryland conditions. Journal of Soil Biology 5 (1): 49-66. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Nayyar, H., Sehgal, A., Sharma, K. S., Siddique, K. H., Kumar, R., Bhogireddy. S., Varshney. R. K., Hanumantharao. B., Madhavan-nair. R. and Prasad, P. 2018. Drought or/and Heat-stress Effects on Seed Filling in Food Crops: Impacts on Functional Biochemistry, Seed Yields and Nutritional Quality. Frontiers in Plant Science 9: 1705.##Nazari, Z., Seyed Sharifi, R. and Narimani, H. 2021. Effect of Mycorrhiza, vermicompost and nanosilicon on current photosynthesis, dry matter remobilization and their contribution in grain yield of triticale under water limitation conditions. Crop Physiology Journal 13 (51): 5-24. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Ronanini, D., Savin, R. and Hal, A. J. 2004. Dynamic of fruit growth and oil quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) exposed to brief interval of high temperature during grain filling. Field Crop Research 83: 79-90.##Seyed Sharifi, R. and Nazarly, H. 2013. Effects of seed priming with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on grain yield, fertilizer use efficiency and dry matter remobilization of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) with various levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 23 (3): 27-45. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Sharifani, M. M., Farhadi, H., Alizade, M., Hokmabadi, H. and Aliniaeifard, S. 2021. Evaluation of chlorophyll fluorescence changes, the amount of biomass of the rootstocks and interspecific hybrids of the genus pistachios (P. vera × P. integerrima) in order to achieve drought tolerant rootstocks. Pomology Research Scientific Journal 5 (2): 155-171. (In Persian with English Abstract).##Skowron, E. and Trojak, M. 2021. Effect of exogenously-applied abscisic acid, putrescine and hydrogen peroxide on drought tolerance of barley. Biologia 76: 453-468.##