ارزیابی زراعی و اقتصادی روش‌ها و تاریخ‌های مختلف کاشت ارقام سورگوم علوفه‌ای [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر مدیریت کاشت بر تولید علوفه در ارقام آزاد گرده‌افشان و هیبرید سورگوم ، آزمایشی دو ساله به‌صورت طرح کرت­های خرد شده فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج اجرا شد. تاریخ کاشت در چهار سطح (10 و 20 تیر و 1 و 10 مرداد) به­عنوان عامل اصلی و ترکیب دو عامل روش کاشت در سه سطح (کشت مستقیم بذر بدون پیش­تیمار به­عنوان شاهد، کشت بذر با پیش­تیمار آب و کشت نشایی) و ژنوتیپ در دو سطح (رقم پگاه و هیبرید اسپیدفید) به­صورت فاکتوریل به­عنوان عامل فرعی آزمایش در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج به­دست آمده نشان داد که کشت تأخیری در تاریخ‌های 20 تیر، 1 مرداد و 10 مرداد به‌ترتیب باعث کاهش 1/15، 7/32 و 7/48 درصدی عملکرد علوفه نسبت به تاریخ کاشت دهم تیرماه شد. بیش­ترین عملکرد علوفه سیلویی در چین­های اول و دوم (به‌ترتیب 21/106 و 78/62 تن در هکتار) به‌ترتیب با کشت نشایی رقم پگاه و هیبرید اسپیدفید در تاریخ دهم تیرماه به­دست آمد، درحالی‌که پیش­تیمار با آب بذر هیبرید اسپیدفید، حداکثر مجموع عملکرد علوفه (80/147 تن در هکتار) را تولید کرد. نتایج ارزیابی اقتصادی نشان داد که بیش­ترین درآمد خالص (11/99 میلیون ریال در هکتار) و حداکثر نسبت فایده به هزینه و بازده فروش (به‌ترتیب 52/2 و 35/60 درصد) از پیش­تیمار با آب بذر هیبرید اسپیدفید در تاریخ دهم تیرماه حاصل شد. کشت نشایی رقم پگاه در تمامی تاریخ‌های کاشت مورد بررسی غیراقتصادی بود، درحالی‌که کشت نشایی هیبرید اسپیدفید در تاریخ‌های کاشت دهم تیر تا اول مرداد نسبت به روش کاشت مرسوم برتری داشت. به‌طورکلی بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، برای تولید حداکثر عملکرد و سود اقتصادی توصیه می‌شود عملیات کاشت در اولین زمان ممکن با پیش­تیمار بذرهای هیبرید اسپیدفید با آب انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Agronomic and economic evaluation of different planting methods and dates of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farid Golzardi
  • Hormoz Asadi
  • Azim Khazaei
  • Ali Mahrokh
  • Vahid Rahjoo
Assist. Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the effect of planting management on forage production in hybrid and open-pollinated sorghum cultivars, a two-year experiment based on split plot factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran. Planting date at four levels (July 1, 10 and 23, and August 1), was considered as the main factor and the factorial combination of planting method at three levels (without priming as control, seed hydropriming, and transplanting) and genotype at two levels (Pegah cultivar and Speedfeed hybrid) as the sub-factor. The results showed that delayed planting on July 10th and 23rd, and August 1st reduced forage yield by 15.1, 32.7, and 48.7%, respectively, compared to the July 1st planting date. The highest silage yield in the first and second harvests (106.21 and 62.78 ton.ha-1, respectively) were obtained by the transplanting Pegah and Speedfeed on the July 1st, respectively, whereas the seed hydropriming of Speedfeed produced the highest total forage yield (147.80 ton ha-1). The results of the economic evaluation showed that the highest net income (99.11 million Rials.ha-1) and the maximum benefit-to-cost ratio and sales return (2.52 and 60.35%, respectively) were obtained by planting the hydroprimed seeds of Speedfeed hybrid on the July 1st. The transplanting of Pegah cultivar was uneconomical in all the studied planting dates, whereas transplanting Speedfeed hybrid from July 1st to July 23rd was superior to the conventional sowing method. In total, the results of this study showed that to produce the maximum yield and economic profit, it is recommended to carry out the planting operation at the earliest possible time with hydroprimed seeds of Speedfeed hybrid.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forage yield
  • Net income
  • Partial budgeting
  • Seed hydropriming
  • Transplanting

مراجع

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تحقیقات غلات
دوره 11، شماره 4
اسفند 1400
صفحه 343-358

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