نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج ، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is recognized for its potential in producing healthy food and being an excellent source of dietary fiber. Humic acid, an organic compound derived from decomposed organic materials, plays a significant role in plant nutrition due to its content of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. Foliar application of humic acid enhances leaf and root growth, nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, and enzymatic activities while increasing the plants' resistance to environmental stresses. Although the effects of humic acid on roots are well-documented, its impact on leaves requires further investigations. Studies indicate that foliar applications can enhance chlorophyll levels and influence photosynthesis, transpiration, and gas exchange. Despite the broad examination of humic acid effects on various crops, its influence on yield and quality of rainfed barley cultivars has not yet been assessed. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of different levels of humic acid foliar application on yield and quality parameters of five dryland barley cultivars.
Materials and methods
The field experiment was conducted at the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute in Sararood, located 17 kilometers from Kermanshah, with a Mediterranean semi-arid climate. This study was performed as a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was the application of humic acid at three levels (0, 400, and 800 mg.lit-1), and the sub-factor included five barley cultivars: Artan, Qaflan, Arda, Abidar, and Sararood 1. Sowing was carried out on October 22 using the experimental planter machine. Foliar application of humic acid was carried out at the flag leaf emergence stage. In this experiment, the yield of grain and forage (biological yield) was evaluated, nutritional elements in the grain and the traits related to forage quality were measured. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.1 and mean comparisons were made using the LSD test.
Research findings
Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in the grains, yield per square meter, and crude fiber content among the treatments. With the increase of humic acid levels, the nitrogen content improved. The highest nitrogen content (2.98%) was observed in Artan cultivar at 800 mg.lit-1 and the lowest value (1.49%) was obtained from Abider cultivar without humic acid application. Grain yield was significantly enhanced by the application of humic acid, with maximum yields achieved in the Qaflan and Abidar cultivars at the highest concentration. Furthermore, the application of humic acid resulted in a reduction of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and increased the percentage of protein and ash in the forage indicating improved forage quality.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that humic acid roles as a potent biostimulant, enhancing both the nutritional quality and yield of barley grain and forage. The optimal application rate of 800 mg.lit-1 significantly improved all measured parameters, indicating its potential for optimizing barley cultivation in semi-arid regions. Future research should aim to investigate the effects of humic acid on a broader range of barley cultivars and under diverse environmental conditions in order to develop practical and comprehensive guidelines for humic acid use.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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